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Lewis Acid/Base Interaction Matrix Database


Heavy Metal Lewis Acids

Transition, Post-Transition, Lanthanide & Actinide Cations & Bulk Metals

Search for heavy metal Lewis acid species in The Chemical Thesaurus

FMO Topology:

Multiple vacant lobe-shaped p, d or f orbitals which may rehybridize on complexation. Many orbitals available for back-bonding.

Pearson's original analysis remains excellent.

Charge: Positive or neutral.
HSAB:

Hard to soft. Pearson states in his early HSAB publications, see elsewhere in this webbook, that transition metal ions of high oxidation state are harder than those of low oxidation state.

Chemistry: Heavy metals exhibit variable oxidation state and their complexes are generally back-bonded.
Congeneric Series:

Few congeneric series, although periodicity is seen down groups:

Ni
Cu
Zn
Pd
Ag
Cd
Pt
Au
Hg
Heavy metal Lewis acid (generic)
Antimony

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Antimony(III) ion

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Antimony(V) ion

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Arsenic

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Arsenic(III) ion

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Arsenic(V) ion

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Barium

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Beryllium

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Bismuth

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Bismuth ion

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Bismuth(V) Ion

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Cadmium

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Cadmium ion

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Calcium

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Cerium

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Cerium(III) ion

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Cerium(IV) ion

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Cesium

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Chromium

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Chromium(II) ion

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Chromium(III) ion

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Chromium(VI) ion

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Cobalt

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Cobalt(II) ion

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Cobalt(III) ion

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Copper

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Copper(I) ion

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Copper(II) ion

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Dibutyltin dilayrate

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Gallium

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Gallium(I) ion

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Gallium(III) ion

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Germanium

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Germanium(II) ion

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Gold

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Gold(I) Ion

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Gold(III) Ion

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Indium

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Indium(I) ion

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Indium(III) Ion

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Iridium

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Iridium(III) Ion

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Iridium(IV) Ion

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Iron

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Iron(II) ion

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Iron(III) bromide

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Iron(III) chloride

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Iron(III) ion

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Lanthanum

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Lanthanum(III) Ion

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Lead

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Lead(II) ion

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Lead(IV) ion

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Lindlar catalyst

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Manganese

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Manganese(II) ion

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Manganese(III) ion

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Manganese(IV) ion

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Manganese(VII) ion

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Mercury

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Mercury(I) ion

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Mercury(II) acetate

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Mercury(II) ion

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Molybdenum

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Molybdenum(III) ion

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Molybdenum(IV) ion

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Molybdenum(VI) ion

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Nickel

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Nickel(II) ion

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Osmium

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Osmium(III) Ion

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Osmium(IV) Ion

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Palladium

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Palladium on barium sulfate

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Palladium on carbon

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Palladium(II) ion

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Platinum

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Platinum on carbon

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Platinum(II) ion

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Platinum(IV) oxide

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Potassium

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Raney nickel

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Rhenium(VII) ion

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Rhodium

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Rhodium on carbon

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Rhodium(I) ion

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Rubidium

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Ruthenium

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Ruthenium on carbon

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Ruthenium(II) ion

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Scandium

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Scandium(III) ion

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Selenium

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Silver

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Silver ion

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Sodium

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Strontium

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Tantalum

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Tantalum(III) Ion

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Tellurium

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Tetrachloroborate

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Thallium

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Thallium(I) ion

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Thallium(III) ion

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Tin

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Tin(II) chloride

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Tin(II) ion

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Tin(IV) ion

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Titanium

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Titanium(II) ion

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Titanium(III) ion

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Titanium(IV) ion

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Tricarbonylhydrocobalt(I)

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Tungsten

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Tungsten(VI) Ion

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Uranium

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Uranium(III) ion

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Uranium(IV) ion

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Vanadate(IV) ion

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Vanadium

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Vanadium(II) ion

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Vanadium(III) ion

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Vanadium(IV) ion

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Vanadium(V) ion

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Y

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Yttrium

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Yttrium(III) ion

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Zinc

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Zinc bromide

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Zinc ion

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Zinc mercury amalgam

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Zinc-Copper Alloy

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Zirconium

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Zirconium ion

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Poster Nucleophiles & Bases

© Mark R. Leach 1999 –


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