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Electronegativity as a Basic Elemental Property

This page gives links to a paper, written by Dr Mark R. Leach and published in Foundations of Chemistry, that discusses electronegativity and the Periodic Table of the Chemical Elements.

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Go to the: PDF of the Full Paper

Go to the Foundations of Chemistry: Journal Article

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Concerning Electronegativity as a Basic Elemental Property and Why The Periodic Table is Usually Represented In Its Medium Form

Abstract

Electronegativity – described by Linus Pauling described as "The power of an atom in a molecule to attract electrons to itself" (Pauling in The nature of the chemical bond, 3rd edn, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, p 88, 1960) – is used to predict bond polarity.

There are dozens of methods for empirically quantifying electronegativity, including:

• The original thermochemical technique (Pauling in J Am Chem Soc 54:3570–3582, 1932)
• Numerical averaging of the ionisation potential and electron affinity (Mulliken in J Chem Phys 2:782–784, 1934)
• Effective nuclear charge and covalent radius analysis (Sanderson in J Chem Phys 23:2467, 1955)
• Averaged successive ionisation energies of an element's valence electrons (Martynov and Batsanov in Zhurnal Neorganicheskoi Khimii 5:3171–3175, 1980)
• etc.

Indeed, there are such strong correlations between numerous atomic parameters—physical and chemical—that the term "electronegativity" integrates these correlations into a single dimensionless number between 0.78 and 4.00 that can be used to predict/describe/model much of an element's physical character and chemical behaviour.

The design of the common and popular medium form of the periodic table is in large part determined by four quantum numbers and four associated rules. However, adding electronegativity completes the construction so that it displays the multi-parameter periodic law operating in two dimensions, down the groups and across the periods, with minimal ambiguity.

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Chemogenesis Paper

What Is Chemistry?

© Mark R. Leach 1999 –

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If you have any:

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please contact Mark R. Leach, the author, using mark@meta-synthesis.com

This free, open access web book is an ongoing project and your input is appreciated.

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