Periodic Table |
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Lewis Acid/Base Interaction Matrix Database
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Type 7 Lewis Acid/Base Complexation Chemistry |
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Common Strong & Weak Brønsted Bases and Ionic Salts | |
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Bonding: | The s-LUMO Lewis acids like to be multiply complexed by Lobe-HOMO Lewis base ligands to achieve maximum spherical symmetry about the cation. Complexes form as ionic crystal lattice (cesium fluoride) or they may generate polar-covalent bonds (methyl lithium). |
Charge: | The charge on a Type 7 complex can be negative, neutral or positive. |
Chemistry: | With a few important exceptions – for example, amines and the saline hydrides – most of the proton abstracting (Brønsted base) reagents are Type 7 Lewis acid/base complexes: NaOH KNH2 LiCH3 CH3COONa NaHCO3 Na2CO3 etc. Other Type 7 complexes, in which the Lobe-HOMO Lewis Base is the conjugate base of a strong Brønsted acid, are non-basic ionic salts: KCl NaI LiBr etc. In polar solvent solution (water, THF, DMF or DMSO), Type 7 complexes may show differing degrees of ion pairing: ![]() Polar solvation requires the solvent to have lone pair Lobe-HOMO centres which compete with the Type 7 Complexes’ Lobe-HOMO Lewis base centre. Methyl lithium, for example, is usually considered to be a 1:1 polarised covalent compound, however, in diethyl ether or THF solvents the lithium cation is co-complexed with solvent molecules. In alkane solvents alkyl lithium reagents aggregate into hexamers and higher structures, Wikipedia. |
Congeneric Series: | There are many important congeneric series: alkyl carbanion reagents become more basic as the alkyl groups are replaced by hydrogen ligands, and as the metal counter ion becomes congenerically heavier. Regular changes in physical properties occur as pairs of congeneric Lewis acid/base series interact to form congeneric series, planars and volumes of complexes: ![]() |
Type 7 Lewis acid/base complex (generic)![]() |
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Alkenyl lithium (generic) more here |
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Alkyl lithium (generic) more here |
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sec Alkyl sulfonate more here |
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Aluminium isopropoxide more here |
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Aluminium nitride more here |
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Barium amide more here |
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Barium bromide more here |
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Barium carbide more here |
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Barium carbonate more here |
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Barium chloride more here |
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Barium chromate more here |
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Barium fluoride more here |
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Barium hydroxide more here |
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Barium iodide more here |
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Barium nitrate more here |
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Barium nitride more here |
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Barium oxalate more here |
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Barium oxide more here |
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Barium peroxide more here |
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Barium phosphide more here |
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Barium selenide more here |
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Barium sulfate more here |
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Barium sulfide more here |
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Barium telluride more here |
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Benzyl lithium more here |
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Beryllate ion more here |
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Beryllium amide more here |
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Beryllium bromide more here |
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Beryllium carbide more here |
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Beryllium carbonate more here |
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Beryllium chloride more here |
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Beryllium fluoride more here |
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Beryllium hydroxide more here |
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Beryllium iodide more here |
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Beryllium nitride more here |
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Beryllium oxide more here |
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Beryllium phosphide more here |
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Beryllium selenide more here |
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Beryllium sulfate more here |
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Beryllium sulfide more here |
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Beryllium telluride more here |
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n-Butyllithium more here |
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sec-Butyllithium more here |
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tert-Butyllithium more here |
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Calcium acetate more here |
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Calcium amide more here |
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Calcium bromide more here |
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Calcium carbide more here |
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Calcium carbonate more here |
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Calcium chloride more here |
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Calcium cyanamide more here |
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Calcium fluoride more here |
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Calcium hydrogen carbonate more here |
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Calcium hydroxide more here |
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Calcium hypochlorite more here |
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Calcium iodide more here |
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Calcium metaborate more here |
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Calcium nitride more here |
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Calcium oxalate more here |
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Calcium oxide more here |
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Calcium phosphate, tribasic more here |
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Calcium phosphide more here |
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Calcium selenide more here |
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Calcium silicate more here |
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Calcium sulfate more here |
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Calcium sulfate dihydrate more here |
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Calcium sulfate hemihydrate more here |
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Calcium sulfide more here |
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Calcium sulfite more here |
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Calcium telluride more here |
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Cesium amide more here |
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Cesium arsenide more here |
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Cesium bromide more here |
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Cesium carbide more here |
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Cesium carbonate more here |
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Cesium chloride more here |
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Cesium fluoride more here |
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Cesium hydrogen sulfide more here |
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Cesium hydroxide more here |
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Cesium iodide more here |
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Cesium oxide more here |
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Cesium peroxide more here |
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Cesium phosphide more here |
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Cesium selenide more here |
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Cesium stibnide more here |
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Cesium sulfide more here |
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Cesium superoxide more here |
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Cesium telluride more here |
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Disodium peroxodisulfate more here |
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Gallium oxide more here |
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Grignard reagent (generic) more here |
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Grignard reagent, alkyl magnesium bromide (generic) more here |
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Grignard reagent, alkyl magnesium chloride (generic) more here |
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Indium oxide more here |
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Lithium acetylacetone complex more here |
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Lithium acetylide more here |
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Lithium arsenide more here |
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Lithium bis(acetylacetone) complex more here |
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Lithium bromide more here |
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Lithium chloride more here |
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Lithium diisopropylamide more here |
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Lithium enolate (generic) more here |
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Lithium fluoride more here |
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Lithium hydrogen sulfide more here |
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Lithium hydroxide more here |
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Lithium imide more here |
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Lithium iodide more here |
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Lithium nitride more here |
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Lithium oxide more here |
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Lithium peroxide more here |
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Lithium phosphide more here |
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Lithium selenide more here |
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Lithium stearate more here |
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Lithium stibnide more here |
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Lithium sulfide more here |
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Lithium superoxide more here |
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Lithium telluride more here |
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Magnesium amide more here |
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Magnesium bromide more here |
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Magnesium carbide more here |
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Magnesium carbonate more here |
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Magnesium chloride more here |
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Magnesium fluoride more here |
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Magnesium hydroxide more here |
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Magnesium iodide more here |
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Magnesium nitrate hexahydrate more here |
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Magnesium nitride more here |
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Magnesium oxalate more here |
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Magnesium oxide more here |
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Magnesium phosphide more here |
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Magnesium selenide more here |
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Magnesium sulfate more here |
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Magnesium sulfate septahydrate more here |
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Magnesium sulfide more here |
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Magnesium telluride more here |
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Methyl lithium in diethyl ether more here |
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Methyl lithium/Tetramethylethylenediamine complex more here |
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Methyl magnesium iodide more here |
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2-Norbornyl lithium more here |
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Phenyl lithium more here |
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Potassium arsenide more here |
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Potassium arsenite more here |
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Potassium bromate more here |
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Potassium bromide more here |
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Potassium tertiary butoxide more here |
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Potassium carbide more here |
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Potassium carbonate more here |
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Potassium chlorate more here |
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Potassium chloride more here |
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Potassium cyanide more here |
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Potassium fluoride more here |
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Potassium hydrogen carbonate more here |
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Potassium hydrogen difluoride more here |
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Potassium hydrogen sulfide more here |
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Potassium hydroxide more here |
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Potassium iodide more here |
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Potassium ion 18-crown-6 complex more here |
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Potassium nitrosodisulfonate more here |
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Potassium oxide more here |
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Potassium ozonide more here |
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Potassium perbromate more here |
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Potassium perchlorate more here |
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Potassium peroxide more here |
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Potassium phosphide more here |
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Potassium phthalimide more here |
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Potassium selenide more here |
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Potassium stibnide more here |
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Potassium sulfate more here |
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Potassium sulfide more here |
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Potassium superoxide more here |
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Potassium telluride more here |
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Potassium trisalicaldehyde complex more here |
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Rubidium amide more here |
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Rubidium arsenide more here |
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Rubidium bromide more here |
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Rubidium carbide more here |
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Rubidium chloride more here |
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Rubidium fluoride more here |
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Rubidium hydrogen sulfide more here |
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Rubidium hydroxide more here |
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Rubidium iodide more here |
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Rubidium oxide more here |
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Rubidium peroxide more here |
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Rubidium phosphide more here |
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Rubidium selenide more here |
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Rubidium stibnide more here |
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Rubidium sulfide more here |
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Rubidium superoxide more here |
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Rubidium telluride more here |
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Sodamide more here |
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Sodium acetate more here |
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Sodium aluminate more here |
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Sodium arsenide more here |
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Sodium azide more here |
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Sodium bisulfite more here |
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Sodium borate, fused more here |
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Sodium bromate more here |
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Sodium bromide more here |
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Sodium carbide more here |
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Sodium carbonate more here |
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Sodium carbonate perhydrate more here |
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Sodium chlorate(V) more here |
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Sodium chloride more here |
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Sodium chlorite more here |
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Sodium cyanide more here |
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Sodium disulfite more here |
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Sodium dithionate more here |
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Sodium dithionite more here |
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Sodium fluoride more here |
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Sodium formate more here |
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Sodium hydrogen carbonate more here |
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Sodium hydrogen sulfide more here |
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Sodium hydrogen sulfite more here |
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Sodium hydroxide more here |
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Sodium hydroxide solution more here |
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Sodium iodide more here |
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Sodium metaborate more here |
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Sodium methoxide more here |
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Sodium nitrate more here |
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Sodium nitrite more here |
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Sodium orthoborate more here |
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Sodium oxalate more here |
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Sodium oxide more here |
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Sodium perborate more here |
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Sodium perchlorate more here |
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Sodium peroxide more here |
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Sodium phosphate, tribasic more here |
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Sodium phosphide more here |
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Sodium selenide more here |
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Sodium stibnide more here |
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Sodium sulfate more here |
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Sodium sulfate decahydrate more here |
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Sodium sulfide more here |
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Sodium sulfide nonahydrate more here |
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Sodium sulfite more here |
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Sodium sulfite septahydrate more here |
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Sodium superoxide more here |
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Sodium telluride more here |
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Sodium tetrahydroxyaluminate more here |
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Sodium tetrathionate more here |
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Sodium thiosulfate more here |
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Sodium tripolyphosphate more here |
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Strontium amide more here |
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Strontium bromide more here |
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Strontium carbide more here |
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Strontium carbonate more here |
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Strontium chloride more here |
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Strontium fluoride more here |
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Strontium hydroxide more here |
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Strontium iodide more here |
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Strontium nitride more here |
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Strontium oxalate more here |
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Strontium oxide more here |
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Strontium phosphide more here |
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Strontium selenide more here |
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Strontium sulfate more here |
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Strontium sulfide more here |
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Strontium telluride more here |
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Thallium(I) oxide more here |
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Thallium(I) triiodide more here |
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Thallium(III) oxide more here |