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Web Book Home Page | Chemogenesis Main Index Foreword: Chemogenesis & Chemical Education Part I Atoms | Elements | Periodic Tables 1.1 Introduction to Chemogenesis 1.2 Nucleosynthesis of The Elements 1.3 The Segrè Chart 1.4 Quantum Numbers to Periodic Tables 1.5 The Periodic Table: What Is It Showing? 1.6 The INTERNET Database of Periodic Tables 1.7 Periodicity Part II Structure | Bonding | Material Type 2.1 Mono-Bond Typed Binary Compounds 2.2 Binary Compound Synthlet 2.3 Electronegativity 2.4 van Arkel-Ketelaar Triangles of Bonding 2.5 Tetrahedra of Structure, Bonding & Material Type 2.6 Structure, Bonding & Material Synthlet 2.7 The Classification of Matter: Chemical Stuff Part III Interactions | Reactions | Mechanisms 3.1 The Chemogenesis Analysis: An Overview 3.2 Lewis and Brønsted Models of Acidity 3.3 The Hard Soft [Lewis] Acid Base Principle 3.4 Main Group Elemental Hydrides 3.5 Five Hydrogen Probe Experiments 3.6 Congeneric Dots, Series & Planars 3.7 Quantifying Congeneric Behaviour 3.8 Ligand Replacement Congeneric Series 3.9 Congeneric Array Interactions 3.10 Emergence of Organic Chemistry 3.11 Congeneric Array Database 3.12 The Five Reaction Chemistries 3.13 Lewis Acids & Lewis Bases: A New Analysis 3.14 The Lewis Acid/Base Interaction Matrix 3.15 Patterns in Reaction Chemistry Poster 3.16 Lewis Acid/Base Interaction Matrix Database 3.17 Nucleophiles, Bases & The Fluoride Ion 3.18 Redox Chemistry 3.19 Redox Chemistry Synthlet 3.20 Radical Chemistry 3.21 Diradical Chemistry 3.22 Photochemistry 3.23 Species/Species Interactions 3.24 The Simplest Mechanistic Step: STAD 3.25 Unit & Compound Mechanistic Steps 3.26 The Mechanism Matrix 3.27 Addition To A Double Bond Synthlet 3.28 Pericyclic Reaction Chemistry Part IV Chemical Theory 4.1 Why Do Chemical Reactions Occur? 4.2a Thermochemistry: List Reactions Synthlet 4.2b Thermochemistry: Play With Reaction Synthlet 4.2c Thermochemistry: Bulid A Reaction Synthlet 4.3 Timeline of Structural Theory 4.4 Modern Lewis Theory 4.5 Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion: VSEPR 4.6 Diatomic Species by Molecular Orbital Theory 4.7 Polyatomic Species: Molecular Orbitals 4.8 Organic π-Systems 4.9 Functional Group Database Part V Complexity & Emergence 5.1 Chemistry & Complexity: Systems 5.2 Linear Chemistry Systems 5.3 Chemical Systems Prone to Complexity Part VI Extras 6.1 Chemogenesis Videos 6.2 Chemical Thesaurus Reaction Chemistry Database 6.3 Paper: Chemogenesis 6.4 Paper: Electronegativity as a Basic Elemental Property (FoC) 6.5 Workshop: What is Chemistry? 6.6 Paper: Scientific laws, Dalton’s postulates, chemical reactions
and Wolfram’s NKS (FoC) 6.7 Literature References & Further Reading

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Nucleophiles & Bases

Lewis Acid/Base Interaction Matrix Database

Type 14 Lewis Acid/Base Complexation Chemistry
Friedel-Crafts Reagents

Bonding:	Charge controlled ionic complexes are highly reactive (transient) species which are prepared in solution where they show little or no ion pairing.
Charge:	The charge on a Type 14 complex is always neutral.
Chemistry:	Type 14 complexes include electrophilic haloenium ion or carbenium ion reagents with non-electrophilic counter ions. Lobe-LUMO Lewis acids have a strong symbiotic affinity for halogen anion ligands, close in type to those they already possess. Thus: • AlCl₃ has a high affinity for Cl^– to give [AlCl₄]^– • FeBr₃ has a high affinity for Br^– to give [FeBr₄]^– Type 14 complexes are not prepared from the cation plus anion, but from the dihalogen, organic halide or acyl halide plus halophilic Lewis acid: Cl₂ + AlCl₃ → Cl⁺ [AlCl₄]^– R–Cl + AlCl₃ → R⁺ [AlCl₄]^– The resulting Type 14 complexes act as sources of "naked" electrophilic Cl⁺, Br⁺ and R₃C⁺, etc. that are able to undergo electrophilic aromatic substitution with benzene and other aromatics:
Congeneric Series:	Few series.

Type 14 Lewis acid/base complex (generic)
	Acyl cation/tetrachloroaluminate complex (generic) more here
	Bromine tetrabromoferrate more here
	Carbenium ion/tetrachloro aluminate complex (generic) more here
	Chlorine perchlorate more here
	Chlorine tetrachloroaluminate more here
	N5 hexafluoroarsinate more here
	Nitronium tetrafluoroborate more here
	Xenon fluoride hexafluoroplatinate(V) more here