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  Web Book Home Page | Chemogenesis Main Index Foreword:  Chemogenesis & Chemical Education Part I   Atoms | Elements | Periodic Tables 1.1  Introduction to Chemogenesis 1.2  Nucleosynthesis of The Elements 1.3  The Segrè Chart 1.4  Quantum Numbers to Periodic Tables 1.5  The Periodic Table: What Is It Showing? 1.6  The INTERNET Database of Periodic Tables 1.7  Periodicity Part II   Structure | Bonding | Material Type 2.1  Mono-Bond Typed Binary Compounds 2.2  Binary Compound Synthlet 2.3  Electronegativity 2.4  van Arkel-Ketelaar Triangles of Bonding 2.5  Tetrahedra of Structure, Bonding & Material Type 2.6  Structure, Bonding & Material Synthlet 2.7  The Classification of Matter: Chemical Stuff Part III   Interactions | Reactions | Mechanisms 3.1  The Chemogenesis Analysis: An Overview 3.2  Lewis and Brønsted Models of Acidity 3.3  The Hard Soft [Lewis] Acid Base Principle 3.4  Main Group Elemental Hydrides 3.5  Five Hydrogen Probe Experiments 3.6  Congeneric Dots, Series & Planars 3.7  Quantifying Congeneric Behaviour 3.8  Ligand Replacement Congeneric Series 3.9  Congeneric Array Interactions 3.10  Emergence of Organic Chemistry 3.11  Congeneric Array Database 3.12  The Five Reaction Chemistries 3.13  Lewis Acids & Lewis Bases: A New Analysis 3.14  The Lewis Acid/Base Interaction Matrix 3.15  Patterns in Reaction Chemistry Poster 3.16  Lewis Acid/Base Interaction Matrix Database 3.17  Nucleophiles, Bases & The Fluoride Ion 3.18  Redox Chemistry 3.19  Redox Chemistry Synthlet 3.20  Radical Chemistry 3.21  Diradical Chemistry 3.22  Photochemistry 3.23  Species/Species Interactions 3.24  The Simplest Mechanistic Step: STAD 3.25  Unit & Compound Mechanistic Steps 3.26  The Mechanism Matrix 3.27  Addition To A Double Bond Synthlet 3.28  Pericyclic Reaction Chemistry Part IV   Chemical Theory 4.1  Why Do Chemical Reactions Occur? 4.2a  Thermochemistry: List Reactions Synthlet 4.2b  Thermochemistry: Play With Reaction Synthlet 4.2c  Thermochemistry: Bulid A Reaction Synthlet 4.3  Timeline of Structural Theory 4.4  Modern Lewis Theory 4.5  Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion: VSEPR 4.6  Diatomic Species by Molecular Orbital Theory 4.7  Polyatomic Species: Molecular Orbitals 4.8  Organic π-Systems 4.9  Functional Group Database Part V   Complexity & Emergence 5.1  Chemistry & Complexity: Systems 5.2  Linear Chemistry Systems 5.3  Chemical Systems Prone to Complexity Part VI   Extras 6.1  Chemogenesis Videos 6.2  Chemical Thesaurus Reaction Chemistry Database 6.3  Paper: Chemogenesis 6.4  Paper: Electronegativity as a Basic Elemental Property (FoC) 6.5  Workshop: What is Chemistry? 6.6  Paper: Scientific laws, Dalton’s postulates, chemical reactions
          and Wolfram’s NKS (FoC) 6.7  Literature References & Further Reading

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The INTERNET Database of Periodic Tables

There are thousands of periodic tables in web space, but this is the only comprehensive database of periodic tables & periodic system formulations. If you know of an interesting periodic table that is missing, please contact the database curator: Mark R. Leach Ph.D. The database holds information on periodic tables, the discovery of the elements, the elucidation of atomic weights and the discovery of atomic structure (and much, much more).

The 10 most recent entries to the database:

Spin and The Forth Dimension

A paper (click to view pdf) by V.V. Varlamov of Siberian State Industrial University, Novokuznetsk, Russia who writes:

"A group-theoretic interpretation of the periodic system of elements is given within the framework of the weight diagram of the Lie algebra SO(4,4) of the fourth rank, where the four quantum numbers n, l, m, scorrespond to the eigenvalues (weights) of the Cartan generators of the maximal Abelian subalgebra (the maximal torus of the group SO(4,4)). Etc."

The paper generates a Janet Left-Step formulation:

Thanks to Eric Scerri for the tip!

Quest To Understand Where Atoms End

By Philip Ball in Chemistry World, who writes:

"There is no consensus. 'We have some models and theories [of atomic size] but none have been really amenable to experimental verification,' says Amin Alibakhshi at the Technical University of Dortmund in Germany. 'That’s why we have many different definitions, like van der Waals radii, covalent radii, and so on.' But is each of these definitions in the end a rather arbitrary attempt to carve up the smooth and continuous electron density so that it seems to have hard edges? Or might there be, after all, some deeper and more objective meaning to the size of an atom?"

Politically Correct Periodic Table of the Elements

By Robert Rose of MIT, appearing in the I²R calendar. (We guess the date at 1995.)

From Craigslist:

"Instruments for Research and Industry, better known to scientists as I²R (eye-squared-are), was founded in the 1960s. Soon after, they started offering humorous, science and research themed calendars as part-catalog, part-advertising, part-promotional and completely entertaining material. I²R was a 'Profits for Peace' company. I²R donated a portion of their profits to charitable causes. (The time was the 1960s - 1970s, the Vietnam War era. I²R estimated how much of their business taxes were going to the Department of Defense and then they offset that with donations to charitable causes.)"

Text:

"To protect the health and weltare of the general public, we must eliminate all sources of toxicity, pollution and radloactivity. Isotopes and artificial elements should not be tolerated, nor should sources of greenhouse gases or causes of hypertension. Sexist nomenclature has no place in modern society. These requirements can be satisfied by making the indicated revisions to the periodic table of the elements.

"This whimisical Periodic Table of the Elements first appeared in the Journal of Irreproducible Results. It is reprinted (slightly edited) here."

The PC-PT identifies:

• T: Toxic Elenents
• S: Sexist Nomenclature
• G: Greenhouse Gas Source
• R: Radioactive Elements (not permitted)
• H: Hazardous Element (raises blood pressure)
• H: Halogens (not permitted)
• A: Artificial Elements (not permitted without prior approval)

Thanks to Eric Scerri for the tip!

Tabelle Riassuntive E Bibliografia Delle Trasmutazioni Artificiali (Summary Tables And Bibliography Of Artificial Transmutations)

A 1935 paper by Fae which predates the Segrè Chart by 10 years: Fea, G. Tabelle Riassuntive e Bibliografia Delle Trasmutazioni Artificiali. Nuovo Cim 12, 368–406 (1935). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02958685 (Thanks to Mario Rodríguez Peña who found this paper!)

Abstract (Google Translate):

"Given the significant developments in the study of artificial transmutations, especially after the impetus provided by the discovery of induced radioactivity, it seemed useful to the writer to summarize in some synoptic tables what has been obtained to date by the many researchers who have studied the topic.

"An extensive bibliography of the works consulted for the compilation of the tables follows, as well as a table representing, in the neutron-proton diagram, what is known about stable and radioactive isotopes."

What is an element, and how is it defined in the IUPAC Gold Book?

A recent publication by Eric Scerri: What is an element, and how is it defined in the IUPAC Gold Book?

Read the paper or download the PDF here, or go to page 36 of the Chemistry International journal here.

Periodisches System der Elemente

Posted on Wikimedia by LukaszKatlewa who writes:

"Periodisches System der Elemente (1904-1945, now at the Gdansk University of Technology): lack of elements: 84 polonium Po (though discovered as early as in 1898 by Maria Sklodowska-Curie), 85 astatine At (1940, in Berkeley), 87 francium Fr (1939, in France), 93 neptunium Np (1940, in Berkeley) and other actinides and lanthanides. Old symbols for: 18 argon Ar (here: A), 43 technetium Tc (Ma, masurium, 1925, dismissed as an error and finally confirmed in 1937, Palermo), 54 xenon Xe (X), 86 radon, Rn (Em, emanation)."

Mark Leach writes: "I would guess the date at 1930."

6 Times Scientists Were Wrong About the Periodic Table

A video from SciShow discussing six times scientists made incorrect predictions about chemical elements: Coronium; Nebulium (Nebulium, Nephium, Nephelium); Masurium (Davium, Leucium, Neponium... actually Technecium); Florencium/Illinium (actually Promethium); Ausenium; and Hesperium.

Another Attempt to Base a Classification of The Elements on Atomic Structure

Stewart, O.J., Another Attempt to Base a Classification of The Elements on Atomic Structure, J. Chem. Educ. 1928, 5, 1, 57 doi.org/10.1021/ed005p57:

La Tabla Periódica. El poder de la sistematización. La importancia de la precisión

A video of a presentation (in Spanish) by Manuel Yáñez, a professor at the Autonomous University entitled: La Tabla Periódica. El poder de la sistematización. La importancia de la precisión (The Periodic Table. The power of systematization. The importance of precision.)

Alexander's Quad Block/neXus/IIIc Model

Roy Alexander's Quad Block/neXus/IIIc Model.

© Mark R. Leach Ph.D. 1999 –

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