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| What is the Periodic Table Showing? | Periodicity |
The INTERNET Database of Periodic Tables
There are thousands of periodic tables in web space, but this is the only comprehensive database of periodic tables & periodic system formulations. If you know of an interesting periodic table that is missing, please contact the database curator: Mark R. Leach Ph.D. The database holds information on periodic tables, the discovery of the elements, the elucidation of atomic weights and the discovery of atomic structure (and much, much more).
Periodic Tables from the year 1926 :
| Year: 1926 | PT id = 26, Type = formulation |
Antropoff's Periodic Table
The Andreas von Antropoff periodic table, restored by Philip Stewart on the basis of the article 'Eine neue Form des periodischen Systems der Elementen'. Zeitschrift für angewandte Chemie 39, pp. 722-725, 1926:
This formulation has a satisfying balance compared to most other tables and was the most popular wall-chart in German schools for many years but quickly disappeared after von Antropoff was disgraced in 1945 for his Nazi activities: he presided over the raising of the swastika over Bonn University in 1933. But he put science above politics and was a stout defender of Einstein's theories.
A recently restored wall version of the von Antropoff formulation from the University of Barcelona, origionally painted in 1934 (thanks to Philip Stewart & Claudi Mans):
Perhaps it was the disgrace of von Antropoff which led Linus Pauling to borrow his design, without acknowledgement, for his 1949 book, General Chemistry (and subsequently in later editions of The Chemical Bond).
The PT below is scanned in from Pauling's The Nature of The Chemical Bond, 3rd ed., 1960:
| Year: 1926 | PT id = 104, Type = formulation spiral |
Monroe & Turner's Spiral
Monroe and Turner's spiral, in which they correctly place the actinides. Information supplied by Philip Stewart.
Ref. is C J Monroe and W D Turner A new Periodic Table of the Elements, J Chem Ed, 3, 1058-65, 1926
| Year: 1926 | PT id = 147, Type = formulation |
Walter Russell's Periodic Chart of The Elements 1
Walter Russell's Periodic Chart of The Elements 1. View other formulations and an interview here:
| Year: 1926 | PT id = 148, Type = formulation spiral |
Walter Russell's Periodic Chart of The Elements 2
Walter Russell's Periodic Chart of The Elements 2. View other formulations and an interview here:
| Year: 1926 | PT id = 550, Type = formulation |
Hopkins' Nearly Completed Periodic Table of The Elements
From a Scientific American of March 1927, an article by B.S. Hopkins discussing the building blocks of the universe.
Included is The Nearly Completed [Hubbard Type] Periodic Table of the Elements from 1926.
As Eric Scerri pointed out: "Notice element, 43, masurium, according to Noddack, Noddack and Berg, and later synthesized as Tc":
Thanks to Eric Scerri for the tip!
See the website EricScerri.com and Eric's Twitter Feed.
| Year: 1926 | PT id = 1156, Type = formulation |
Friend's Periodic Table (1926)
Vallance RH & Eldridge AA, A Text-Book of Inorganic Chemistry, Vol. VII, Part III, Chromium and its Congeners, JN Friend (ed.) Charles Griffin & Company, London (1926), front paper.
René Vernon (who found this formulation) writes:
"I can't recall seeing a table in which the lanthanoids were allocated in quite such a manner: across seven groups. And, 16 such lanthanoids shown. Even curiouser, Argon = A; xenon = X; are shown in group 0. Wonderful nomenclature from nearly a century ago."
| Year: 1926 | PT id = 1375, Type = structure |
Schrödinger Wave Equation
Schrödinger, E. Quantisierung als Eigenwertproblem (Quantization as an eigenvalue problem) (Parts I–IV). Annalen der Physik, 79, 361–376; 489–527; 734–756; 80, 437–490 (1926).
"Erwin Schrödinger was an Austrian–Irish theoretical physicist who developed fundamental results in quantum theory. In particular, he is recognised for devising the Schrödinger equation, an equation that provides a way to calculate the wave function of a system and how it changes dynamically in time."
"A special case of the Schrödinger equation is the position-space Schrödinger equation for a single nonrelativistic particle in one dimension:
"The ψ is a wave function, a function that assigns a complex number to each point x at each time t. The parameter m is the mass of the particle, and V(x,t) is the potential energy function that represents the environment in which the particle exists. The constant i is the imaginary unit, and ħ is the reduced Planck constant, which has units of action (energy multiplied by time).
"Schrödinger coined the term 'quantum entanglement' in 1935. Schrödinger shared the 1933 Nobel Prize in Physics with Paul Dirac 'for the discovery of new productive forms of atomic theory.''
"The Schrödinger equation is a partial differential equation that governs the wave function of a non-relativistic quantum-mechanical system. Its discovery was a significant landmark in the development of quantum mechanics. Conceptually, the Schrödinger equation is the quantum counterpart of Newton's second law in classical mechanics. Given a set of known initial conditions, Newton's second law makes a mathematical prediction as to what path a given physical system will take over time. The Schrödinger equation gives the evolution over time of the wave function, the quantum-mechanical characterisation of an isolated physical system. The equation was postulated by Schrödinger based on a postulate of Louis de Broglie that all matter has an associated matter wave. The equation predicted bound states of the atom in agreement with experimental observations."
Three videos on the Schrödinger Wave Equation. (The middle one is very detailed.):
| Year: 1926 | PT id = 1376, Type = structure |
Born's Rule
Born, M. Zur Quantenmechanik der Stoßvorgänge. Zeitschrift für Physik, 37, 863–867 (1926).
"Max Born was a German–British theoretical physicist who was instrumental in the development of quantum mechanics. He also made contributions to solid-state physics and optics, and supervised the work of a number of notable physicists in the 1920s and 1930s. He shared the 1954 Nobel Prize in Physics with Walther Bothe 'for his fundamental research in quantum mechanics, especially for his statistical interpretation of the wavefunction.'
"The Born rule is a postulate of quantum mechanics that gives the probability that a measurement of a quantum system will yield a given result. In one commonly used application, it states that the probability density for finding a particle at a given position is proportional to the square of the amplitude of the system's wavefunction at that position. So is the wave function is ψ, the probability of finding the electron is |ψ|2."
A video explaining Born's Rule:
| Year: 1926 | PT id = 1384, Type = structure |
Schrödinger and The Hydrogen Atom
In Parts II and III of Schrödinger's 1926 papers: Annalen der Physik, 79 (1926), pp. 361–376 and Annalen der Physik, 80 (1926), pp. 437–490, the hydrogen atom is addressed.
Here Schrödinger:
- Separates the equation in spherical coordinates
- Solves the radial equation
- Derives hydrogen energy levels:
- Shows agreement with the Bohr spectrum
This is the first full wave-mechanical derivation of hydrogen.
There is an on-line English translation of Schrödinger's 1926 papers, published in 1928.
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| What is the Periodic Table Showing? | Periodicity |
© Mark R. Leach Ph.D. 1999 –
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