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| What is the Periodic Table Showing? | Periodicity |
The INTERNET Database of Periodic Tables
There are thousands of periodic tables in web space, but this is the only comprehensive database of periodic tables & periodic system formulations. If you know of an interesting periodic table that is missing, please contact the database curator: Mark R. Leach Ph.D. The database holds information on periodic tables, the discovery of the elements, the elucidation of atomic weights and the discovery of atomic structure (and much, much more).
The 10 most recent entries to the database:
| Year: 1995 | PT id = 1395, Type = misc |
Politically Correct Periodic Table of the Elements
By Robert Rose of MIT, appearing in the I2R calendar. (We guess the date at 1995.)
From Craigslist:
"Instruments for Research and Industry, better known to scientists as I2R (eye-squared-are), was founded in the 1960s. Soon after, they started offering humorous, science and research themed calendars as part-catalog, part-advertising, part-promotional and completely entertaining material. I2R was a 'Profits for Peace' company. I2R donated a portion of their profits to charitable causes. (The time was the 1960s - 1970s, the Vietnam War era. I2R estimated how much of their business taxes were going to the Department of Defense and then they offset that with donations to charitable causes.)"
Text:
"To protect the health and weltare of the general public, we must eliminate all sources of toxicity, pollution and radloactivity. Isotopes and artificial elements should not be tolerated, nor should sources of greenhouse gases or causes of hypertension. Sexist nomenclature has no place in modern society. These requirements can be satisfied by making the indicated revisions to the periodic table of the elements.
"This whimisical Periodic Table of the Elements first appeared in the Journal of Irreproducible Results. It is reprinted (slightly edited) here."
The PC-PT identifies:
- T: Toxic Elenents
- S: Sexist Nomenclature
- G: Greenhouse Gas Source
- R: Radioactive Elements (not permitted)
- H: Hazardous Element (raises blood pressure)
- H: Halogens (not permitted)
- A: Artificial Elements (not permitted without prior approval)
Thanks to Eric Scerri for the tip!
| Year: 1935 | PT id = 1394, Type = formulation structure element |
Tabelle Riassuntive E Bibliografia Delle Trasmutazioni Artificiali (Summary Tables And Bibliography Of Artificial Transmutations)
A 1935 paper by Fae which predates the Segrè Chart by 10 years: Fea, G. Tabelle Riassuntive e Bibliografia Delle Trasmutazioni Artificiali. Nuovo Cim 12, 368–406 (1935). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02958685 (Thanks to Mario Rodríguez Peña who found this paper!)
Abstract (Google Translate):
"Given the significant developments in the study of artificial transmutations, especially after the impetus provided by the discovery of induced radioactivity, it seemed useful to the writer to summarize in some synoptic tables what has been obtained to date by the many researchers who have studied the topic.
"An extensive bibliography of the works consulted for the compilation of the tables follows, as well as a table representing, in the neutron-proton diagram, what is known about stable and radioactive isotopes."
| Year: 2026 | PT id = 1393, Type = element review |
What is an element, and how is it defined in the IUPAC Gold Book?
A recent publication by Eric Scerri: What is an element, and how is it defined in the IUPAC Gold Book?
Read the paper or download the PDF here, or go to page 36 of the Chemistry International journal here.
| Year: 1930 | PT id = 1392, Type = formulation |
Periodisches System der Elemente
Posted on Wikimedia by LukaszKatlewa who writes:
"Periodisches System der Elemente (1904-1945, now at the Gdansk University of Technology): lack of elements: 84 polonium Po (though discovered as early as in 1898 by Maria Sklodowska-Curie), 85 astatine At (1940, in Berkeley), 87 francium Fr (1939, in France), 93 neptunium Np (1940, in Berkeley) and other actinides and lanthanides. Old symbols for: 18 argon Ar (here: A), 43 technetium Tc (Ma, masurium, 1925, dismissed as an error and finally confirmed in 1937, Palermo), 54 xenon Xe (X), 86 radon, Rn (Em, emanation)."
Mark Leach writes: "I would guess the date at 1930."
| Year: 2026 | PT id = 1391, Type = element review |
6 Times Scientists Were Wrong About the Periodic Table
A video from SciShow discussing six times scientists made incorrect predictions about chemical elements: Coronium; Nebulium (Nebulium, Nephium, Nephelium); Masurium (Davium, Leucium, Neponium... actually Technecium); Florencium/Illinium (actually Promethium); Ausenium; and Hesperium.
| Year: 1928 | PT id = 1390, Type = formulation spiral |
Another Attempt to Base a Classification of The Elements on Atomic Structure
Stewart, O.J., Another Attempt to Base a Classification of The Elements on Atomic Structure, J. Chem. Educ. 1928, 5, 1, 57 doi.org/10.1021/ed005p57:
| Year: 2023 | PT id = 1389, Type = review formulation |
La Tabla Periódica. El poder de la sistematización. La importancia de la precisión
A video of a presentation (in Spanish) by Manuel Yáñez, a professor at the Autonomous University entitled: La Tabla Periódica. El poder de la sistematización. La importancia de la precisión (The Periodic Table. The power of systematization. The importance of precision.)
| Year: 2020 | PT id = 1388, Type = formulation 3D spiral |
Alexander's Quad Block/neXus/IIIc Model
Roy Alexander's Quad Block/neXus/IIIc Model.
| Year: 1953 | PT id = 1387, Type = formulation 3D spiral |
Kapustinsky's Pyrimid
Kapustinsky, A. F. (1953). Periodicity in the structure of the electron envelopes and nuclei of atoms Communication 1. Periodic system of the elements and its connection with the theory of numbers and with physicochemical analysis. Bulletin of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR Division of Chemical Science, 2(1), 1–9. Paper as pdf.
Thanks to René Vernon for the tip!
| Year: 1919 | PT id = 1386, Type = formulation |
Hackh's Classification of The Chemical Elements
Hackh, I. W. D. (1919). The classification of the chemical elements: The fundament of chemistry, Scientific American, 87 (supp. no. 2253), pp. 146–149 (148). https://zenodo.org/records/2454321
René Vernon writes:
Note that Group 4 (including Lu) appears twice, on the left and right.
Hackh does not get it quite right when he refers to a vertical similarity prevailing in the upper half of the table and a horizontal similarity in the lower half. A horizontal similarity prevails along the first row of the transition metals; vertical similarities tend to prevail among the second and third row dyads of the transition metals. That said, a horizontal similarity does prevail among the lanthanides.
On the noble gases, Hackh (p. 146) wrote: "...they combined the two extreme ends of a period, they formed the bridge from a non-metallic halogen (electro-negative element) to a metallic alkali (electro-positive element). For this reason we may speak of these elements, the rare or inert gases, as the terminals of the periods, which are either positive nor negative... The first three elements following an inert gas are always strong positive, while the last three before an inert gas are always strong negative and thus a kind of a transition is formed by the fourth element, or the elements of the carbon group."
For chemical properties he wrote: "The chemical characteristics of the elements can equally well be studied, for there are the acid- and base-forming elements on the chart, whose zones gradually infiltrate from strong basic to weak basic to atmospheric to weak acid to strong acid or vice versa."
Read more in the paper.
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| What is the Periodic Table Showing? | Periodicity |
© Mark R. Leach Ph.D. 1999 –
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