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The INTERNET Database of Periodic Tables
There are thousands of periodic tables in web space, but this is the only comprehensive database of periodic tables & periodic system formulations. If you know of an interesting periodic table that is missing, please contact the database curator: Mark R. Leach Ph.D.
Use the drop menus below to search & select from the more than 1100 Period Tables in the database:
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The 10 Periodic Tables most recently added to the database:
2023
DALL·E Pop Art Periodic Table
I asked DALL·E to generate a: "periodic table as pop art", and the AI produced this:
1969
Martin's Crystal Structure Periodic Table
Ref: Martin JW 1969, Elementary Science of Metals, Wykeham Publications, London
René Vernon writes:
Note the unusual placement of La-Ac in two places, under Y and before Ce-Th. On another aspect, Martin writes:
"The non-metals, which occupy the top right-hand corner of the Periodic Table... form about one-sixth of all elements, and they are characterized by having melting-points and boiling points below about 500°C, and by having their solid and liquid phases not conducting electricity. About two-thirds of all elements are metals, and a further one sixth have properties intermediate between those of metals and non-metals."
His approach to the question of which elements are metals and non-metals, and which are intermediate may be the most useful "rough-and-ready" rubric I've seen. It is remarkable for its use of four criteria.
Perhaps we can then parse the elements as follows
Non-metals (16) = 15.5%
Fluids: H, N, O, F, Cl, Br; He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn 2
Solids: P, S, Se*, IIntermediate (16) = 15.5%
Metalloids: B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te
Near metalloids: C, At 3
Sub-metalloids: Al, Ga, In, Tl; Sn, Pb; Bi; PoMetals (71) = 68.9%
Be,^ Zn^
All the rest^ Borderline intermediate
Dingle (2017, The Elements: An Encyclopedic Tour of the Periodic Table, Quad Books, Brighton, p. 101) puts the situation this way:
"...the gap between the two extremes [of metals and nonmetals] is bridged... by the poor metals, and... the metalloids – which, perhaps by the same token, might collectively be renamed the poor non-metals.”
Redrawn by Vernon:
Thanks to René for the tip!
1951
Spedding's Rare Earths Periodic Table
Ref: Spedding FH 1951 The Rare Earths, Scientific American, vol. 185, no. 5, pp. 26–31
Thanks to René for the tip!
1964
Ternström's Periodic Table
Ref: A Periodic Table, Torolf Ternström, J. Chem. Educ. 1964, 41, 4, 190
René Vernon writes:
"Ternström gives us a triple-combo table drawing on the advantages of:
- the complete block system according to Werner (1905)
- a horizontal Bohr line-system according to Spedding (1951)
The outcome resembles the left step form of Janet (1928).
Some interesting features of Ternström's formulation are:
- a period 0 containing the neutrino and neutron
- element number "00" for "v" suggests the neutrino has neither nuclear charge nor mass while "0" for Nn implies no nuclear charge
- regular period lengths of 2-2-8-8-18-18-32-32
- hydrogen has no direct relationship with a group, only secondary relationships with groups A1 and A7
- germanium, a semiconductor, is counted as a metal
- all groups numbered, where A = representative; B = transition
- C = Ln/An; analogous "transition" groups in the d-block (B8) and the f-block (C6)
- double periodicity among the Ln and An; and
- 25 columns wide i.e 18 + 32 = 50/2 = 25"
1969
Seel-Klechkovskii Version of Madelung's Rule for Orbital Filling
Seel F., Bild der Wissenschaft, 6, 44 (1969), a monthly popular scientific journal.
- Klechkovskii VM, Dokl. Akad. Nauk. SSSR, 135. 855 (1980). [In Russian]
- Klechkovskii VM, Zh. Eksperim. i. Teoret. Fiz., 41. 465 (1961). [In Russian]
Thanks to René for the tip!
1971
Goldanskii's Chess Board Version of The Madelung Rule (For Orbital Filling)
Ref: Goldanskii, V I: The Periodic System of D I Mendeleev and Problems of Nuclear Chemistry pp 137-162 ex: Verde M (ed.): 1st International Conference on the Periodic Table, Vincenzo Bona, Torino 1971.
Thanks to John Marks for the tip!
1993
Huheey's Version of The Madelung Rule (For Orbital Filling)
Huheey, J.E., Keiter, E.A., Keiter, R.L.: Inorganic Chemistry: Principles of Structure and Reactivity. 4th edn. HarperCollins College Publishers (1993), p. 22
René Vernon comments: "A peculiar depiction of the Madelung Rule order of filling diagram."
1888
Stoney's Spiral Periodic Table
In the Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series A, Containing Papers of a Mathematical and Physical Character, Volume 85, Issue 580, Aug 1911, p. 472, there is an article On Dr. Johnstone Stoney's Logarithmic Law of Atomic Weights, by Lord Rayleigh (who co-discovered argon in 1894), who writes :
"In the year 1888, Dr. G. Johnstone Stoney communicated to the Society a memoir with title nearly as above, which, however, was not published in full. At the request of the author, who attaches great importance to the memoir, I have recently, by permission of the Council, consulted the original manuscript in the archives of the Society, and I propose to give some extracts, accompanied by a few remarks. The author commenced by plotting the atomic weights of the elements taken as ordinates against a series of natural numbers as abscissæ. But a curve traced through the points thus determined was found to be 'one which has not been studied by mathematicians.
"This sudden transition may have some connection with the fact that no elements have been found on sesqui-radius 16, although the investigation in § 3 shows that the values of m corresponding to the stations on sesqui-radius 16 cannot be dispensed with.
"The vacant places here pointed out are now occupied by the since discovered inert gases. The anticipation is certainly a remarkable one, and it goes far to justify the high claims made for the diagram, as representing in a telling form many of the leading facts of chemistry."
Comment from Mark Leach:
"Notice how the electronegative elements are positioned top right & bottom right and the electropositive elements top left & bottom right."
René Vernon writes:
"Stoney has another article in the September 1902 edition of the The London, Edinburgh and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science, called Law of Atomic Weights, pp. 411–415. At the back of the journal is an updated fold-out version of Stoney’s table, image attached.
- Ar, Kr and Xe fit on the spiral, and on spoke 16.
- Neon fits on the spiral but is instead on spoke 8.
- Helium is on spoke 18 but is not on the spiral.
- The circle in the middle represents H (p. 414).
"On the page after the updated spiral, there looks to be some printed content, but it is hidden by what looks to be a folded over page."
Thanks to René for the tip!
2022
Electrons, Periodic Table of
Brian Gregory's Periodic Table of Electrons. Brian writes:
"I like sand, purple, denim and fuchsia, color-coded by the differentiating electron."
1966
Rare Earth Pop Out Periodic Table
From Rare Earths, The Fraternal Elements by Karl A. Gschneidner Jr., United States Atomic Energy Commission Division of Technical Information Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 65-60546 1964; 1966 (Rev.)
There is an interesting point made in the text concerning the term "Rare Earths":
"The name rare earths is actually a misnomer for these elements are neither rare nor earths. They are metals, and they are quite abundant. Cerium, which is the most abundant, ranks 28th in the abundances of the naturally occurring elements and is more plentiful than beryllium, cobalt, germanium, lead, tin, or uranium. The least abundant naturally occurring rare earth, thulium, is more plentiful than cadmium, gold, iodine, mercury, platinum, or silver. Indeed, 25% of the elements are scarcer than thulium."
Thanks to René for the tip!
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© Mark R. Leach Ph.D. 1999 –
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