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  Web Book Home Page | Chemogenesis Main Index Foreword:  Chemogenesis & Chemical Education Part I   Atoms | Elements | Periodic Tables 1.1  Introduction to Chemogenesis 1.2  Nucleosynthesis of The Elements 1.3  The Segrè Chart 1.4  Quantum Numbers to Periodic Tables 1.5  The Periodic Table: What Is It Showing? 1.6  The INTERNET Database of Periodic Tables 1.7  Periodicity Part II   Structure | Bonding | Material Type 2.1  Mono-Bond Typed Binary Compounds 2.2  Binary Compound Synthlet 2.3  Electronegativity 2.4  van Arkel-Ketelaar Triangles of Bonding 2.5  Tetrahedra of Structure, Bonding & Material Type 2.6  Structure, Bonding & Material Synthlet 2.7  The Classification of Matter: Chemical Stuff Part III   Interactions | Reactions | Mechanisms 3.1  The Chemogenesis Analysis: An Overview 3.2  Lewis and Brønsted Models of Acidity 3.3  The Hard Soft [Lewis] Acid Base Principle 3.4  Main Group Elemental Hydrides 3.5  Five Hydrogen Probe Experiments 3.6  Congeneric Dots, Series & Planars 3.7  Quantifying Congeneric Behaviour 3.8  Ligand Replacement Congeneric Series 3.9  Congeneric Array Interactions 3.10  Emergence of Organic Chemistry 3.11  Congeneric Array Database 3.12  The Five Reaction Chemistries 3.13  Lewis Acids & Lewis Bases: A New Analysis 3.14  The Lewis Acid/Base Interaction Matrix 3.15  Patterns in Reaction Chemistry Poster 3.16  Lewis Acid/Base Interaction Matrix Database 3.17  Nucleophiles, Bases & The Fluoride Ion 3.18  Redox Chemistry 3.19  Redox Chemistry Synthlet 3.20  Radical Chemistry 3.21  Diradical Chemistry 3.22  Photochemistry 3.23  Species/Species Interactions 3.24  The Simplest Mechanistic Step: STAD 3.25  Unit & Compound Mechanistic Steps 3.26  The Mechanism Matrix 3.27  Addition To A Double Bond Synthlet 3.28  Pericyclic Reaction Chemistry Part IV   Chemical Theory 4.1  Why Do Chemical Reactions Occur? 4.2a  Thermochemistry: List Reactions Synthlet 4.2b  Thermochemistry: Play With Reaction Synthlet 4.2c  Thermochemistry: Bulid A Reaction Synthlet 4.3  Timeline of Structural Theory 4.4  Modern Lewis Theory 4.5  Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion: VSEPR 4.6  Diatomic Species by Molecular Orbital Theory 4.7  Polyatomic Species: Molecular Orbitals 4.8  Organic π-Systems 4.9  Functional Group Database Part V   Complexity & Emergence 5.1  Chemistry & Complexity: Systems 5.2  Linear Chemistry Systems 5.3  Chemical Systems Prone to Complexity Part VI   Extras 6.1  Chemogenesis Videos 6.2  Chemical Thesaurus Reaction Chemistry Database 6.3  Chemogenesis Paper 6.4  Electronegativity as a Basic Elemental Property 6.5  What is Chemistry? (Workshop) 6.6  Literature References & Further Reading

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The INTERNET Database of Periodic Tables

There are thousands of periodic tables in web space, but this is the only comprehensive database of periodic tables & periodic system formulations. If you know of an interesting periodic table that is missing, please contact the database curator: Mark R. Leach Ph.D.

Use the drop menus below to search & select from the more than 1300 Period Tables in the database: 

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Periodic Tables from the year 1951:

Longman's Mural from Festival of Britain

Edgar Longman's mural from the 1951 Festival of Britain Science Exhibition, restored by Philip Stewart:

Mellor's Periodic Series of the Elements

Mellor's periodic series of the elements lists the rare earths as a vertical column below Y in Group III. Element Z=61, is identified as Il, illinium.

The peculiarities of Ce, Eu, Tb and Yb are not evident. U is positioned below W emphasizing its 6+ oxidation state.

From Michael Laing's paper: A Revised Periodic Table with the Lanthanides Repositioned, Found. Chem. (2005) 7: 203-233

Tomkeieff's Periodic Table Formulation Formula

A short letter to Nature in which Tomkeieff gives a formula to generate the periodic table:

Thanks to Eric Scerri for the tip! See the website EricScerri.com and Eric's Twitter Feed

Friend's Updated Periodic Table

René Vernon writes:

"This 1951 table succeeds Friend’s table of 1926. Notice how Pu, Am, and Cm have been assigned to group VIII. The splitting of the Ln across two periods is bizarre."

Spedding's Rare Earths Periodic Table

Ref: Spedding FH 1951 The Rare Earths, Scientific American, vol. 185, no. 5, pp. 26–31

Thanks to René for the tip!

Kapustinsky's Structure of The System of Elements

René Vernon writes:

Kapustinsky AF 1951, Structure of the periodic table of chemical elements (in Russian), Proceedings of the USSR Academy of Sciences, vol. 81, no. 1, pp. 47–50

Below the title Kapustinsky gives two equations that he says determine the structure of the system:

• The equation of periods Š = 4 x n²;
• The equation of cycles/dyads S = 2(n²₁ + n²₂).

The legend at the bottom left is:

• Period
• Cycle
• Number of elements

Kapustinsky refers to the periodic system of elements in terms of its emergence (proto-elements), formation (typical elements), and disintegration (synthetic elements). Kapustinsky refers to e, n, H, He as "proto-elements".

The electron and the neutron are not chemical elements but are elements in the sense of each being a rudiment, which means a beginning; an initial or imperfect form or stage. As Kapustinsky says, the properties of ordinary elements are not yet associated with them.

H and He can be considered "proto-elements" in the sense that they were the first building blocks from which heavier elements were later formed through nucleosynthesis in stars. Kapustinsky says that the system is thus:

• a harmonious whole, with a beginning and end
• regular and symmetrical
• without exception, it embraces all of its constituent members with simple mathematical expressions

© Mark R. Leach Ph.D. 1999 –

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