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  Web Book Home Page | Chemogenesis Main Index Foreword:  Chemogenesis & Chemical Education Part I   Atoms | Elements | Periodic Tables 1.1  Introduction to Chemogenesis 1.2  Nucleosynthesis of The Elements 1.3  The Segrè Chart 1.4  Quantum Numbers to Periodic Tables 1.5  The Periodic Table: What Is It Showing? 1.6  The INTERNET Database of Periodic Tables 1.7  Periodicity Part II   Structure | Bonding | Material Type 2.1  Mono-Bond Typed Binary Compounds 2.2  Binary Compound Synthlet 2.3  Electronegativity 2.4  van Arkel-Ketelaar Triangles of Bonding 2.5  Tetrahedra of Structure, Bonding & Material Type 2.6  Structure, Bonding & Material Synthlet 2.7  The Classification of Matter: Chemical Stuff Part III   Interactions | Reactions | Mechanisms 3.1  The Chemogenesis Analysis: An Overview 3.2  Lewis and Brønsted Models of Acidity 3.3  The Hard Soft [Lewis] Acid Base Principle 3.4  Main Group Elemental Hydrides 3.5  Five Hydrogen Probe Experiments 3.6  Congeneric Dots, Series & Planars 3.7  Quantifying Congeneric Behaviour 3.8  Ligand Replacement Congeneric Series 3.9  Congeneric Array Interactions 3.10  Emergence of Organic Chemistry 3.11  Congeneric Array Database 3.12  The Five Reaction Chemistries 3.13  Lewis Acids & Lewis Bases: A New Analysis 3.14  The Lewis Acid/Base Interaction Matrix 3.15  Patterns in Reaction Chemistry Poster 3.16  Lewis Acid/Base Interaction Matrix Database 3.17  Nucleophiles, Bases & The Fluoride Ion 3.18  Redox Chemistry 3.19  Redox Chemistry Synthlet 3.20  Radical Chemistry 3.21  Diradical Chemistry 3.22  Photochemistry 3.23  Species/Species Interactions 3.24  The Simplest Mechanistic Step: STAD 3.25  Unit & Compound Mechanistic Steps 3.26  The Mechanism Matrix 3.27  Addition To A Double Bond Synthlet 3.28  Pericyclic Reaction Chemistry Part IV   Chemical Theory 4.1  Why Do Chemical Reactions Occur? 4.2a  Thermochemistry: List Reactions Synthlet 4.2b  Thermochemistry: Play With Reaction Synthlet 4.2c  Thermochemistry: Bulid A Reaction Synthlet 4.3  Timeline of Structural Theory 4.4  Modern Lewis Theory 4.5  Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion: VSEPR 4.6  Diatomic Species by Molecular Orbital Theory 4.7  Polyatomic Species: Molecular Orbitals 4.8  Organic π-Systems 4.9  Functional Group Database Part V   Complexity & Emergence 5.1  Chemistry & Complexity: Systems 5.2  Linear Chemistry Systems 5.3  Chemical Systems Prone to Complexity Part VI   Extras 6.1  Chemogenesis Videos 6.2  Chemical Thesaurus Reaction Chemistry Database 6.3  Paper: Chemogenesis 6.4  Paper: Electronegativity as a Basic Elemental Property (FoC) 6.5  Workshop: What is Chemistry? 6.6  Paper: Scientific laws, Dalton’s postulates, chemical reactions
          and Wolfram’s NKS (FoC) 6.7  Literature References & Further Reading

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The INTERNET Database of Periodic Tables

There are thousands of periodic tables in web space, but this is the only comprehensive database of periodic tables & periodic system formulations. If you know of an interesting periodic table that is missing, please contact the database curator: Mark R. Leach Ph.D. The database holds information on periodic tables, the discovery of the elements, the elucidation of atomic weights and the discovery of atomic structure (and much, much more).

Periodic Tables from the year 1954 :

Sanderson's "One More" Periodic Table

From Sanderson's paper: One More Periodic Table (J. Chem. Educ., 1954, 31 (9), p 481):

Sabo & Lakatosh's Volumetric Model of the Periodic Table

From the Russian Book: 100 Years of Periodic Law of Chemical Elements, Nauka 1969, p.87.

The caption says: "Volumetric Model of 18-period Long System of D.I.Mendeleev." after Sabo and Lakatosh (1954).

Thanks to Larry T for the tip!

Ephraim's Periodic Classification

Ephraim F 1954, Inorganic Chemistry, 6th ed., Oliver and Boyd, London (revised by PCL Thorne and ER Roberts)

René Vernon writes that items of interest include:

• The position of H "Which [according to Ephraim] is difficult to place in this table in a satisfactory manner", outside of the main body of the periodic table, "remote from both Li and F, well removed from C, and above He and the inert gases"
• The old school location of B-Al in Group IIIa
• C-Si belong to both Ti-Zr-Hf-Th and Ge-Sn-Pb

New Periodic Table of the Elements Based on the Structure of the Atom

Tomkeieff SI, 1954, A New Periodic Table of the Elements Based on the Structure of the Atom, Chapman & Hall, London.

Thanks to René Vernon for the tip, who writes:

It is a helix wrapped on the surface of a cone. The shadow on the left is from the edge of my hand holding down the table; the shadow on the right is from the edge of a different book, again used to hold down the table into some semblance of flatness.

Mazurs said: "This is not a very successful table".

First, there is the cumbersome nature of a table on a cone, Secondly, see how the eight main group numbers at the top are sort of mushed into the 18 A and B series group numbers. This does not work well.

The colour scheme shows the dominant acid-base properties of the elements:

Dark blue — strong bases
Light blue — weak bases
Light red — weak acids
Dark red — strong acids
White — Inert gases

Since nonmetals never form basic oxides it is interesting to note that the (23) nonmetals fall on the right side of the table:

H He
B C N O F Ne
Si P S Cl Ar
Ge As Se Br Kr
Sb Te I Xe
Rn

[Water is amphoteric; hydrogen peroxide is weakly acid.]

While the underlined elements are sometimes called metalloids, it is has been known for over 100 years that metalloids predominately behave chemically like nonmetals.

Astatine would’ve been a nonmetal but for relativistic effects. Immediately following its production in 1940, early investigators considered it a metal.

© Mark R. Leach Ph.D. 1999 –

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