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  Web Book Home Page | Chemogenesis Main Index Foreword:  Chemogenesis & Chemical Education Part I   Atoms | Elements | Periodic Tables 1.1  Introduction to Chemogenesis 1.2  Nucleosynthesis of The Elements 1.3  The Segrè Chart 1.4  Quantum Numbers to Periodic Tables 1.5  The Periodic Table: What Is It Showing? 1.6  The INTERNET Database of Periodic Tables 1.7  Periodicity Part II   Structure | Bonding | Material Type 2.1  Mono-Bond Typed Binary Compounds 2.2  Binary Compound Synthlet 2.3  Electronegativity 2.4  van Arkel-Ketelaar Triangles of Bonding 2.5  Tetrahedra of Structure, Bonding & Material Type 2.6  Structure, Bonding & Material Synthlet 2.7  The Classification of Matter: Chemical Stuff Part III   Interactions | Reactions | Mechanisms 3.1  The Chemogenesis Analysis: An Overview 3.2  Lewis and Brønsted Models of Acidity 3.3  The Hard Soft [Lewis] Acid Base Principle 3.4  Main Group Elemental Hydrides 3.5  Five Hydrogen Probe Experiments 3.6  Congeneric Dots, Series & Planars 3.7  Quantifying Congeneric Behaviour 3.8  Ligand Replacement Congeneric Series 3.9  Congeneric Array Interactions 3.10  Emergence of Organic Chemistry 3.11  Congeneric Array Database 3.12  The Five Reaction Chemistries 3.13  Lewis Acids & Lewis Bases: A New Analysis 3.14  The Lewis Acid/Base Interaction Matrix 3.15  Patterns in Reaction Chemistry Poster 3.16  Lewis Acid/Base Interaction Matrix Database 3.17  Nucleophiles, Bases & The Fluoride Ion 3.18  Redox Chemistry 3.19  Redox Chemistry Synthlet 3.20  Radical Chemistry 3.21  Diradical Chemistry 3.22  Photochemistry 3.23  Species/Species Interactions 3.24  The Simplest Mechanistic Step: STAD 3.25  Unit & Compound Mechanistic Steps 3.26  The Mechanism Matrix 3.27  Addition To A Double Bond Synthlet 3.28  Pericyclic Reaction Chemistry Part IV   Chemical Theory 4.1  Why Do Chemical Reactions Occur? 4.2a  Thermochemistry: List Reactions Synthlet 4.2b  Thermochemistry: Play With Reaction Synthlet 4.2c  Thermochemistry: Bulid A Reaction Synthlet 4.3  Timeline of Structural Theory 4.4  Modern Lewis Theory 4.5  Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion: VSEPR 4.6  Diatomic Species by Molecular Orbital Theory 4.7  Polyatomic Species: Molecular Orbitals 4.8  Organic π-Systems 4.9  Functional Group Database Part V   Complexity & Emergence 5.1  Chemistry & Complexity: Systems 5.2  Linear Chemistry Systems 5.3  Chemical Systems Prone to Complexity Part VI   Extras 6.1  Chemogenesis Videos 6.2  Chemical Thesaurus Reaction Chemistry Database 6.3  Paper: Chemogenesis 6.4  Paper: Electronegativity as a Basic Elemental Property (FoC) 6.5  Workshop: What is Chemistry? 6.6  Paper: Scientific laws, Dalton’s postulates, chemical reactions
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The INTERNET Database of Periodic Tables

There are thousands of periodic tables in web space, but this is the only comprehensive database of periodic tables & periodic system formulations. If you know of an interesting periodic table that is missing, please contact the database curator: Mark R. Leach Ph.D. The database holds information on periodic tables, the discovery of the elements, the elucidation of atomic weights and the discovery of atomic structure (and much, much more).

Periodic Tables from the year 1949 :

Pauling's Formulation

Linus Pauling borrowed von Antropoff 1926 design, without acknowledgement, for his 1949 book, General Chemistry (and subsequently in later editions of The Chemical Bond).

The periodic table below is scanned in from Pauling's The Nature of The Chemical Bond, 3rd ed., 1960:

Clark's Periodic Arrangement of The Elements

Origionally developed in 1933, the colour version of Clark's arrangement was used the the May 1949 edition of Life Magazine, part of a 16 page feature on the atom.

This periodic table formulation was the model for Longman's 1951 Festival of Britain mural. Information supplied by Philip Stewart.

Wrigley's Lamina System

In two papers: A.N. Wrigley, W.C. Mast, and T.P. McCutcheon, "A Laminar Form of the Periodic Table, part 1," Journal of Chemical Education 26 (1949): 216-218 and A.N. Wrigley, W.C. Mast, and T.P. McCutcheon, "A Laminar Form of the Periodic Table, part 2: Theoretical Development, and Modifications," Journal of Chemical Education 26 (1949): 248-250 a Laminar Periodic Table is introduced. (Thanks to Ann E. Robinson for this informaton & references.)

This formulation was discussed and re-drawn by van Spronsen in 1969:

There is a Russian publication "100 Years of Periodic Law of Chemical Elements", Nauka 1969. On page 87 there is a formulation that appears to be a version of the van Spronsen re-drawing. The caption says: "Volumetric Model of 18-period Long System of D.I.Mendeleev." after Riggli (1949). (Thanks to Larry T for this.)

Antropoff's Representation of the Periodic System Revised by Fritz Scheele

Andreas von Antropoff's 1926 representation of the Periodic System, revised by Fritz Scheele in 1949, to include the lanthanides and actinides.

The table was reconstituted, using von Antropoff s colour scheme, by P J Stewart, November 2007:

Thanks to Philip Stewart for the tip!

Discovery of Berkelium

Berkelium, atomic number 97, has a mass of 247 au.

Synthetic radioactive element.

Berkelium was first observed in 1949 by G. Thompson, A. Ghiorso and G. T. Seaborg.

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Riggli's Volumetric Model of the Periodic Table

From the Russian Book "100 Years of Periodic Law of Chemical Elements", Nauka 1969, p.87.

The caption says: "Volumetric Model of 18-period Long System of D.I.Mendeleev." after Riggli (1949).

Thanks to Larry T for the tip!

Scherer's Student Model of Spiral Periodic Chart

George A. Scherer, New Aids for Teaching the Periodic Law, School Science and Mathematics, vol. 49, no. 2 (1949).

René Vernon writes:

"This is a Left-Step periodic table with a split d-block, that can be rearranged into a cylinder. Students were expected to keep a copy of the two halves of the table in their note books, for reassembly as required. It was a clever way of introducing the 32-column form, and the transition from 2D to 3D (that faded into obscurity)":

Thanks to René for the tip!

Catalán's Periodic System/Sistema Periodico Ampliado

Two versions of Catalán's Periodic System/Sistema Periodico Ampliado. The first from Moore, Charlotte E., Atomic Energy Levels, National Bureau of Standards, Circular no. 467 (Washington, D. C.: U. S. Government Printing Office, 1949), vol. 1, Table 25. and the second as referenced here: http://www.miguelcatalan.net/pdfs/bibliografia/biblio09.pdf.

René Vernon, who provided the graphics, writes:

"I feel the footnote along the base of the first table could merit better attention being drawn to it. It says:

This arrangement is by Catalán. The electrons indicated in column two that are connected by braces have approximately the same binding energy. Consequently, for some elements one type of electron is preferred over another in the normal configuration, as for example, Cr, Cb, Pd, La, Ac, Th.

"The connecting braces hone in on the source of much of the controversy concerning notions of an ideal, optimal, better, this or that, or fundamental periodic table. I can't recall seeing a table with such a feature. For the second table, turning it on its side (attached) reminds of the ADOMAH [formulation].

Click on the images to enlarge:

Thanks to René for the tip!

© Mark R. Leach Ph.D. 1999 –

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