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  Web Book Home Page | Chemogenesis Main Index Foreword:  Chemogenesis & Chemical Education Part I   Atoms | Elements | Periodic Tables 1.1  Introduction to Chemogenesis 1.2  Nucleosynthesis of The Elements 1.3  The Segrè Chart 1.4  Quantum Numbers to Periodic Tables 1.5  The Periodic Table: What Is It Showing? 1.6  The INTERNET Database of Periodic Tables 1.7  Periodicity Part II   Structure | Bonding | Material Type 2.1  Mono-Bond Typed Binary Compounds 2.2  Binary Compound Synthlet 2.3  Electronegativity 2.4  van Arkel-Ketelaar Triangles of Bonding 2.5  Tetrahedra of Structure, Bonding & Material Type 2.6  Structure, Bonding & Material Synthlet 2.7  The Classification of Matter: Chemical Stuff Part III   Interactions | Reactions | Mechanisms 3.1  The Chemogenesis Analysis: An Overview 3.2  Lewis and Brønsted Models of Acidity 3.3  The Hard Soft [Lewis] Acid Base Principle 3.4  Main Group Elemental Hydrides 3.5  Five Hydrogen Probe Experiments 3.6  Congeneric Dots, Series & Planars 3.7  Quantifying Congeneric Behaviour 3.8  Ligand Replacement Congeneric Series 3.9  Congeneric Array Interactions 3.10  Emergence of Organic Chemistry 3.11  Congeneric Array Database 3.12  The Five Reaction Chemistries 3.13  Lewis Acids & Lewis Bases: A New Analysis 3.14  The Lewis Acid/Base Interaction Matrix 3.15  Patterns in Reaction Chemistry Poster 3.16  Lewis Acid/Base Interaction Matrix Database 3.17  Nucleophiles, Bases & The Fluoride Ion 3.18  Redox Chemistry 3.19  Redox Chemistry Synthlet 3.20  Radical Chemistry 3.21  Diradical Chemistry 3.22  Photochemistry 3.23  Species/Species Interactions 3.24  The Simplest Mechanistic Step: STAD 3.25  Unit & Compound Mechanistic Steps 3.26  The Mechanism Matrix 3.27  Addition To A Double Bond Synthlet 3.28  Pericyclic Reaction Chemistry Part IV   Chemical Theory 4.1  Why Do Chemical Reactions Occur? 4.2a  Thermochemistry: List Reactions Synthlet 4.2b  Thermochemistry: Play With Reaction Synthlet 4.2c  Thermochemistry: Bulid A Reaction Synthlet 4.3  Timeline of Structural Theory 4.4  Modern Lewis Theory 4.5  Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion: VSEPR 4.6  Diatomic Species by Molecular Orbital Theory 4.7  Polyatomic Species: Molecular Orbitals 4.8  Organic π-Systems 4.9  Functional Group Database Part V   Complexity & Emergence 5.1  Chemistry & Complexity: Systems 5.2  Linear Chemistry Systems 5.3  Chemical Systems Prone to Complexity Part VI   Extras 6.1  Chemogenesis Videos 6.2  Chemical Thesaurus Reaction Chemistry Database 6.3  Paper: Chemogenesis 6.4  Paper: Electronegativity as a Basic Elemental Property (FoC) 6.5  Workshop: What is Chemistry? 6.6  Paper: Scientific laws, Dalton’s postulates, chemical reactions
          and Wolfram’s NKS (FoC) 6.7  Literature References & Further Reading

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The INTERNET Database of Periodic Tables

There are thousands of periodic tables in web space, but this is the only comprehensive database of periodic tables & periodic system formulations. If you know of an interesting periodic table that is missing, please contact the database curator: Mark R. Leach Ph.D.

Use the drop menus below to search & select from the more than 1300 Period Tables in the database: 

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• By Decade
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  Best Four Periodic Tables for Data All Periodic Tables by Name All Periodic Tables by Date All Periodic Tables by Reverse Date All Periodic Tables, as Added to the Database All Periodic Tables, reverse as Added Elements by Name Elements by Date Discovered Search for: Mendeleev/Mendeléeff Search for: Janet/Left-Step Search for: Eric Scerri Search for: Mark Leach Search for: René Vernon Search for: Electronegativity
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Periodic Tables from the year 2025 :

Highly Charged Ions, Periodic Table of

A pre-print of a paper Periodic table for highly charged ions by Lyu, Keitel & Harman says:

Abstract: Mendeleev’s periodic table successfully groups atomic elements according to their chemical and spectroscopic properties. However, it becomes less sufficient in describing the electronic properties of highly charged ions (HCIs) in which many of the outermost electrons are ionized. In this work, we put forward a periodic table particularly suitable for HCIs. It is constructed purely based on the successive electron occupation of relativistic orbitals. While providing a much-simplified description of the level structure of highly charged isoelectronic ions – essential for laboratory and astrophysical plasma spectroscopies, such a periodic table predicts a large family of highly forbidden transitions suitable for the development of next-generation optical atomic clocks. Furthermore, we also identify universal linear Z scaling laws (Z is the nuclear charge) in the so-called "Coulomb splittings" between angular momentum multiplets along isoelectronic sequences, complementing the physics of electron-electron interactions in multielectron atomic systems.

LEGO Periodic Tower of The Elements

A LEGO Periodic Tower of The Elements, a form of Schaltenbrand's 1920 Helical Periodic Table, by Enrique Barrajón, as shown on the LEGO Ideas website.

Enrique writes:

"The Periodic Tower of Elements is a complex LEGO project designed for students with some chemistry knowledge. It serves as an educational tool to help with learning basic chemistry and physics concepts. Building this model enhances skills such as patience, balance, attention to detail, and innovation—qualities essential for mastering abstract scientific ideas. Additionally, the model offers insights into architectural stability concepts like spiral staircases."

Circular Dendrogram Showing Hierarchical Clustering of the Chemical Elements

From S. Consuegra-Jiménez, C. Tovio-Gracia and R. Vivas-Reyes, Unsupervised learning techniques for clustering analysis of physicochemical properties in the periodic table elements, Results in Chemistry (2024), https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.rechem.2025.102517

The authors write:

"[A] circular dendrogram showing hierarchical clustering of chemical elements based on their properties. Each point represents an element, and cluster centroids are indicated with black "X" symbols.

"Periodic table where elements are colored using the same cluster assignments shown in the PCA plot, enabling visual correspondence between spatial clustering and elemental positions in the table."

Thanks to Eric Scerri for the tip.

Spiral-Struktur-Periodensystem der Elemente

Martin Röder writes:

https://archive.org/details/spiral-struktur-periodensystem

This is a new periodic table of the elements, which classifies the elements as follows:

1. according to the structural groups of occult chemistry
2. on the basis of positive charges (proton number)
3. according to the number of primary atoms (mass)

Detailed description under "PDF" in "Article - Spiral-Structure-Periodic System 250621.pdf"

Overview chart to print out: "Spiral-Structure-Periodic System of the Elements (with structure groups of Occult Chemistry) 250621.pdf".

2D and 3D animations under: "ANIMATED GIF" Graphics and diagrams under: "PNG" video with 3D animation

Armenian Periodic Table

An Armemian periodic table given to a Belgian student in Dubai. The title reads: Periodic Table of Chemical Elements by D. Mendeleev. This PT is based on Mendelejeff's (Meneleev's) 1880 formulation.

Koen Binnemans writes:

"What attracted my attention was the inclusion of the transactinides in the short-form periodic table. This was the first time I saw this."

Thanks to Koen Binnemans and his son Alexander Binnemans for the tip!

Hutcheon's Right-Step Periodic Table v3

Scott Hutcheon of College of New Caledonia | University of Victoria | Simon Fraser University has updated his Right-Step Periodic Table formulation, here & here, with a comprehensive RSPT_v3.pdf (click to download).

The images below are from the .pdf document:

RIP Tom Lehrer (The Elements Song) - Periodic Table of Videos

Music, Periodic Table of

Even though the author of this image, mycolourmusic.com, do not describe it as a "Periodic Table of Music", we think it fits the bill:

Watch a 60 second video here:

Livengood's Twin Sphere Model

Cody Livengood's Twin Sphere model of the atom. Read the full story: Unlocking the Atom: Introducing the Twin Sphere Model on ResearchGate.

Cody writes:

"Quantum mechanics has long described electrons as probabilistic clouds, an approach that, while mathematically sound, often lacks intuitive clarity about the physical arrangement of electrons in atoms. This abstract portrayal is not only difficult to visualize but makes it challenging to understand why electrons form the distinct patterns observed in the periodic table and other chemical principles or how these patterns influence chemical properties. Could there be a simpler, more deterministic way to describe atomic structure? The Twin Sphere Model offers a compelling alternative. By aligning more closely with the periodic table's structure and other empirical data, it provides a clear, geometric framework that has the potential to transform our understanding of matter, chemistry, and physics overall."

Cruciform Periodic Table of the Elements

Don Stenberg, Jr.'s Cruciform Periodic Table of the Elements:

S Ar Ca Sm: The Elements Required to Deal With Stupidity

S Ar Ca Sm: The Elements Required to Deal With Stupidity

Thanks to Barry for the tip!

© Mark R. Leach Ph.D. 1999 –

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