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The INTERNET Database of Periodic Tables

There are thousands of periodic tables in web space, but this is the only comprehensive database of periodic tables & periodic system formulations. If you know of an interesting periodic table that is missing, please contact the database curator: Mark R. Leach Ph.D.

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Periodic Tables referencing the text string "Mazurs", listed by date:

de Morveau's Table of Chemically Simple Substances

de Morveau's table of chemically simple substances (updated with modern representations by Mazurs):

Gooch & Walker Periodic Table

Mazurs' reproduction (p. 82) of a periodic table formulation by Frank Austin Gooch and Claude Frederic Walker, from Outlines of Inorganic Chemistry, Macmillan, London and New York, p. 8/9, 1905 (ref Mazurs p.188):

Thanks to Laurie Palmer for the tip, and to Philip Stewart for the corrections and details.

Rydberg's Periodic Table in style of Spiral with Four Revolutions

Periodic table in style of spiral with four revolutions circa 1913 (Original design) and 1957 (Date attributed to slide).

This table was originated by Swedish physicist Johannes Rydberg (1854-1919) in 1913 and classified by chemist Edward G. Mazurs as Type IIIB2-1 in his seminal work Types of Graphic Representation of the Periodic System of Chemical Elements (1957). The lower version of the table appears as Figure 63 on page 132 of Mazurs' 1957 publication.

Hackh's Spiral Periodic Table

Ingo Hackh's spiral periodic table of 1914, from Das Synthetisches System der Atome, Hamburg, Hephaestos.

Philip Stewart says:

"I believe that Hackh's 1914 spiral is of special interest it is the first spiral to take account of Mosley's atomic numbers, and the first to show successively larger pairs of coils. It is also interesting because H stands alone in the centre. I have only seen Mazurs' redrawn (as usual!) version, but Mazurs gives SciAm Supplement 1919 as one reference."

This is the Mazurs version:

Janet's "Lemniscate" Formulation

From in The Helicoidal Classification of the Elements, Chemical News vol. 138, 21 June 1929, Fig. XI, p. 392:

Philip Stewart points out that this formulation is an 'end on' view of the Janet Cylinder or Three-Dimensional Spiral-Tube System formulation, and the term "lemniscate" comes from Mazurs.

Gardner & Mazzucchelli's Periodic System Elaborated as Electronic Configuration

From Edward G. Mazurs' 1974 (2nd edition) Graphic Representations of the Periodic System During One Hundred Years, University of Alabama Press:

Thanks to Philip Stewart for the tip!

Foster's Periodic Arrangement

L.S. Foster, "Why not modernise the textbooks also? I. The periodic table", Journal of Chemical Education, vol. 16, no. 9, pp. 409–412, https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ed016p409

Foster writes:

"The [above] modern periodic table is simply an orderly array of the elements with all unnecessary ornamentation omitted, has been found highly satisfactory for instructional purposes.

"The transitional elements, with two unfilled electron shells, are separated from the non-metallic elements.

"The rare-earth elements, defined as those with three incomplete electron shells, are shown to be those of atomic numbers 58 to 70, while La and Lu, which have only two incomplete electron shells are classified as transitional elements.

"Copper, silver, and gold act as transitional elements except when the state of oxidation is one."

René Vernon writes:

Foster couldn't show the coinage metals – with their full d¹⁰ complements – as transitional elements, but by adding a broken line around them he was showing they had the capacity to act as if they were.

I tried to work out how he distinguished La & Lu from Ce to Yb. Foster seems to be saying that La 5d¹ 6s², has incomplete 5th and 6th (ie. 6p) shells.

Same for Lu 4f¹⁴ 5d¹ 6s² having incomplete 5th and 6th shells. Whereas, for example, Ce 4f¹ 5d¹ 6s² has incomplete 4th, 5th and 6th shells. Presumably this was in the years before the fact that the 4f shell became full at Yb was widely appreciated. So, strictly speaking, group 3a should have read:

On the other hand, Yb³⁺ has an f¹³ configuration, so it does meet his three unfilled shells criterion. Had he known, he probably would've put a broken line around Yb to indicate its full f¹⁴ complement but that it normally acted as a rare earth, with an incomplete 4f shell; whereas neither La nor Lu have this capacity.

Good to see Foster put so much thought into organising his table, and his experience with using it for instructional purposes.

Van Spronsen does not mention Forster's table. Mazurs has a reference to Foster's table but lumps it in with the other medium-long tables, not appreciating its subtlety.

Mark Leach writes:

This formulation is very much like the XBL 769-10601, Periodic Table Before World War II used by Seaborg and the Manhattan project and is a precursor to the modern periodic table.

Kipp (& Mazurs') Periodic Table in Style of Spiral and Plane Lemniscate

Kipp, Friedrich, and Edward G. Mazurs. "Periodic Table in Style of Spiral and Plane Lemniscate". Glass, circa 1942–1957. Edward G. Mazurs Collection of Periodic Systems Images, Box 1. Science History Institute, Philadelphia. https://digital.sciencehistory.org/works/nz806022g

Periodic table in style of spiral and plane lemniscate 1942 (Original design) circa 1957 (Date attributed to slide).

This table was originated by Friedrich Kipp in 1942 and classified by chemist Edward G. Mazurs as Type IIB2-2 in his seminal work Types of Graphic Representation of the Periodic System of Chemical Elements (1957).A version of this table appears as Figure 49 on page 122 of Mazurs' 1957 publication.

Thanks to Dhr. J.G. van Gils for the tip!

New Periodic Table of the Elements Based on the Structure of the Atom

Tomkeieff SI, 1954, A New Periodic Table of the Elements Based on the Structure of the Atom, Chapman & Hall, London.

Thanks to René Vernon for the tip, who writes:

It is a helix wrapped on the surface of a cone. The shadow on the left is from the edge of my hand holding down the table; the shadow on the right is from the edge of a different book, again used to hold down the table into some semblance of flatness.

Mazurs said: "This is not a very successful table".

First, there is the cumbersome nature of a table on a cone, Secondly, see how the eight main group numbers at the top are sort of mushed into the 18 A and B series group numbers. This does not work well.

The colour scheme shows the dominant acid-base properties of the elements:

Dark blue — strong bases
Light blue — weak bases
Light red — weak acids
Dark red — strong acids
White — Inert gases

Since nonmetals never form basic oxides it is interesting to note that the (23) nonmetals fall on the right side of the table:

H He
B C N O F Ne
Si P S Cl Ar
Ge As Se Br Kr
Sb Te I Xe
Rn

[Water is amphoteric; hydrogen peroxide is weakly acid.]

While the underlined elements are sometimes called metalloids, it is has been known for over 100 years that metalloids predominately behave chemically like nonmetals.

Astatine would’ve been a nonmetal but for relativistic effects. Immediately following its production in 1940, early investigators considered it a metal.

Mazurs' Valence Periodic Table

In his 1974 book Graphic Representations of the Periodic System During One Hundred Years, University of Alabama Press (2nd edition) Edward G. Mazurs presents a valence periodic table. He classifies this as a Subtype IIIC3-6a formulation:

Mazurs' Valence Periodic Table

In his 1974 book Graphic Representations of the Periodic System During One Hundred Years, University of Alabama Press (2nd edition) Edward G. Mazurs presents a periodic table he classifies as a Subtype IIIC3-6b formulation:

Mazurs' 1955 Formulation

From Edward G. Mazurs' 1974 (2nd edition) Graphic Representations of the Periodic System During One Hundred Years, University of Alabama Press:

Thanks to Philip Stewart for the tip!

Mazurs' Graphical Representations of The Periodic System During 100 Years

Edward Mazurs, Graphical Representations of The Periodic System During 100 Years, University of Alabama Press, 1957.

There is an internet archive: Edward G. Mazurs Collection of Periodic Systems Images.

This book gives a very full analysis and classification of periodic table formulations. Most of the formulations are redrawn.

However, anybody who is seriously interested in periodic table formulations will want to see/read/own this book. Read more about Mazrus on the Elements Unearthed blog.

 

Many thanks to Philip Stewart for preparing the links table above.

Mazurs' 1958-73 Formulation

From Edward G. Mazurs' 1974 (2nd edition) Graphic Representations of the Periodic System During One Hundred Years, University of Alabama Press:

Thanks to Philip Stewart for the tip!

Mazurs' 1965 Formulation

From Edward G. Mazurs' 1974 (2nd edition) Graphic Representations of the Periodic System During One Hundred Years, University of Alabama Press:

Thanks to Philip Stewart for the tip!

Mazurs' 1967 Formulation

From the front cover of Edward G. Mazurs' 1974 (2nd edition) Graphic Representations of the Periodic System During One Hundred Years, University of Alabama Press:

Thanks to Philip Stewart for the tip!

Mazurs' other 1967 Formulation

From Edward G. Mazurs' 1974 (2nd edition) Graphic Representations of the Periodic System During One Hundred Years, University of Alabama Press:

Thanks to Philip Stewart for the tip!

Mazurs' another 1967 Formulation

From Edward G. Mazurs' 1974 (2nd edition) Graphic Representations of the Periodic System During One Hundred Years, University of Alabama Press.

This formulation is the basis of Philip Stewart's Janet Rajeuni:

Thanks to Philip Stewart for the tip!

Mazurs Periodic System of Chemical Elements

A foldout from the Mazurs book, Graphical Representations of The Periodic System During 100 Years.

Mazurs said he drew it in 1967 and published it in 1969: ref. E Mazurs, A new numeration of periods in the periodic system and the Kessler Principle for the construction of the periodic table, Canad. Chem. Edu. 4(3), 21-23, 1969.

It is a Janet's modified system to show the irregularities – Lu, Cr, Pd etc. Click here for a larger version:

Thanks to Philip Stewart for the tip!

Mazurs Version of Janet's "Lemniscate" Formulation

Janet's lemniscate formulation periodic table as modified by E.G. Mazur in his Graphic Representations of the Periodic System during One Hundred Years (1974), cited in Punyashloke Mishra's The Role of Abstraction in Scientific Illustration: Implications for Pedagogy (1999) republished in Carolyn Handa's Visual Rhetoric in a Digital World: A Critical Sourcebook", from the Island94 blog, here:

Mazurs Wooden Version of Mendeleev's Periodic Table

There is a posting in the The Elements Unearthed blog by David V Black concerning a view of the Marzus archive:

"My biggest discovery this week has been a collection in our archives of the notes of Edward Mazurs, who wrote the definitive work on classifying different systems of periodic tables in 1957 with a revised edition in 1974 (Graphic Representations of the Periodic System During One Hundred Years, University of Alabama Press). He collected articles and wrote extensive, detailed notes on every version of the periodic table he could find as it developed from its start in the early 1860s with the work of de Chancourtois through 1974. All of those notes have been donated to Chemical Heritage Foundation and fill up ten binders, with meticulous drawings, charts, tables, and frequent additions and changes. There are also some pieces of the original artwork prepared for the book, and a wooden model of the periodic table Mazurs built himself. "

Mazurs' Redrawing of Stedman's Formulation

An spiral formulation by Mazurs, cited as being after Janet (1928). However, it is actually, it is after Stedman (1947).

In an article Bull. Hist. Chem., VOLUME 34, Number 2 (2009) O.T. Benfey writes:

"After we had developed our own [Periodic Snail] spiral design, we found that E. G. Mazurs had published a spiral with a separate protrusion for the lanthanides which, under the image, he misleadingly ascribed to Charles Janet in 1928, the same year that Janet had published a simple circular form also shown by Mazurs. The Mazurs diagram with the lanthanide protrusion was reprinted in [the journal] Chemistry. However, [Philip] Stewart informed me that the Mazurs figure bears no resemblance to the Janet diagram he indicated nor to any other of his designs. Detailed references given a few pages later by Mazurs suggested correctly that the spiral derives from Stedman and is so identified and depicted by van Spronsen. The Mazurs diagram is a mirror image of the Stedman spiral, updated to include elements discovered since 1947." [For references, see the article.]"

Mazurs (p. 77) writes:

"Subtype IIIA3–1a Helix on a modified cone. The transition and inner transition elements have special revolutions in the form of loops. This table, originated by Stedman in 1947 is not a successful one."

Thanks to René for the tip and information!

Mazurs' PT Formulation Analysis

In his 1974 book Edward G. Mazurs (2nd edition) Graphic Representations of the Periodic System During One Hundred Years, University of Alabama Press gives a comprehensive analysis of periodic table formulations.

Mazurs identifies most PT formulations as being:

• Spiral
• Plane lemniscate
• Concentric circles
• Helix on a cylinder
• Helix on a cone
• Space lemniscate
• Space concentric circles

Before & After Mendeleev: Periodic Table Videos

Two videos by the Chemical Heritage Foundation:

• Part 1 Before Mendeleev (17min) covers the events leading up to Mendeleev's invention of the periodic table, including the work of several precursors such as de Chancourtois, Newlands, Odling, Hinrichs, and Meyer.
  
  
• Part 2 Mendeleeve & Beyond (20 min). The second part covers Mendeleev's working out of his periodic system and the work of his successors, as well as some interesting questions such as whether the periodic table can be entirely deduced from quantum mechanics and the mystery of the Knight's Move pattern of properties.

The videos feature interviews with Dr. Eric Scerri of UCLA, with added narration, animations, illustrations, photos, captions, etc. by David V. Black as well as publication artwork and notes by Edward G. Mazurs.

Books on the Chemical Elements and the Periodic Table/System

From Eric Scerri's forthcoming book A Tale of Seven Elements (Oxford University Press, 2013) and used by permission of the author, is the most complete and up-to-date list of Books on the Chemical Elements and the Periodic Table/System, including some titles in foreign languages.

Additional books in other languages can be found listed in Mazurs, 1974

• H. Alderesey-Williams, Periodic Tales, Viking Press, 2011
• N.P. Agafoshin, Ley Periódica y Sistema Periódico de los Elementos de Mendeleiev, Ed. Reverté S.A., Barcelona, 1977
• I. Asimov, The Building Blocks of the Universe, Lancer Books, New York, 1966
• P.W. Atkins, The Periodic Kingdom, Basic Books, New York, NY, 1995
• O. Baca Mendoza, Leyes Geneticas de los Elementos Quimicos. Nuevo Sistema Periodico, Universidad Nacional de Cuzco, Cuzco, Peru, 1953
• P. Ball, A Guided Tour of the Ingredients, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2002
• P. Ball, A Very Short Introduction to the Elements, Oxford University Press, 2004
• I. Barber, Sorting The Elements: The Periodic Table at Work, Rourke Publishing, Vero Beach, Florida, US, 2008
• R. Baum (ed), Celebrating the Periodic Table, Chemical & Engineering News, A Special Collector's Issue, September 8, 2003
• H.A. Bent, New Ideas in Chemistry from Fresh Energy for the Periodic Law, Author House, Bloomington IN, 2006
• J. Bernstein, Plutonium, Joseph Henry, Washington DC, 2007
• J. C.A. Boeyens, D.C. Lavendis, Number Theory and the Periodicity of Matter, Springer, Berlin, 2008
• N. Bohr, Collected Works Vol 4. The Periodic System (1920-1923), Nielsen J Rud (Editor), North Holland Publishing Company, 1977
• T. Bondora, The Periodic Table of Elements Coloring Book, Bondora Educational Media Publications, 2010
• D.G. Cooper, The Periodic Table, 3rd edition. Butterworths, London, 1964
• P.A. Cox, The Elements, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1989
• P. Depovere, La Classification périodique des éléments, De Boeck, Bruxelles, 2002
• H. Dingle and G.R. Martin, Chemistry and Beyond: Collected Essays of F.A. Paneth, Interscience, New York, NY, 1964
• S. Dockx, Theorie Fondamentale du Systeme Periodique des Elements, Office Internationale de Librairie, Bruxelles, 1950
• A. Ducrocq, Les éléments au pouvoir, Julliard, Paris, 1976
• A. Ede, The Chemical Elements, Greenwood Press, Westport, CT, 2006
• J. Emsley, The Elements, 3rd edition. Clarendon, Oxford University Press, 1998
• J. Emsley, Nature's Building Blocks, An A-Z Guide to the Elements, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2001
• P. Enghag, Encyclopedia of the Elements, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2004
• D.E. Fisher, Much Ado About (Practically) Nothing, The History of the Noble Gases, Oxford University Press, New York, 2010
• I. Freund, The Study of Chemical Composition: An Account of its Method and Historical Development, Dover Publications, Inc., New York, NY, 1968
• J. García-Sancho & F. Ortega-Chicote, Periodicidad Química, Trillas, México, 1984
• A. E. Garrett, The Periodic Law, D. Appleton & Co., New York, 1909
• L. Garzon Ruiperez, De Mendeleiev a Los Superelementos, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, 1988
• L. Gonik, C. Criddle, The Cartoon Guide to Chemistry, Harper Resource, New York, 2005
• M. Gordin, A Well-Ordered Thing, Dimitrii Mendeleev and the Shadow of the Periodic Table, Basic Books, New York, 2004
• T. Gray, The Elements: A Visual Exploration of Every Known Atom in the Universe, Black Dog & Leventhal, 2009
• D. Green, The Elements, The Building Blocks of the Universe, Scholastic Inc. New York, 2012
• R. Hefferlin, Periodic Systems and their Relation to the Systematic Analysis of Molecular Data, Edwin Mellen Press, Lewiston, NY, 1989
• D.L. Heiserman, Exploring the Chemical Elements and their Compounds, McGraw-Hill New York, 1991
• S. Hofmann, Beyond Uranium, Taylor & Francis, London, 2002
• F. Hund, Linienspektren und Periodisches System der Elemente, Verlag von Julius Springer, Berlin, 1927
• W.B. Jensen, Mendeleev on the Periodic Law: Selected Writings, 1869-1905, Dover, Mineola, NY, 2005
• S. Kean, The Disappearing Spoon, Little, Brown & Co., New York, 2010
• D.M. Knight, Classical Scientific Papers, Chemistry Second Series, American, Elsevier, New York, NY
• P.K. Kuroda, The Origin of the Chemical Elements, and the Oklo Phenomenon, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1982
• H.M. Leicester and H.S. Klickstein, A Source Book in Chemistry 1400-1900, 1st Edition, McGraw-Hill Book Company Inc., London, 1952
• M.F. L'Annunziata, Radioactivity, Introduction and History, Elsevier, 2007
• S.E.V. Lemus, Clasificación periódica de Mendelejew, Guatemalan Ministry of Public Education, Guatemala, 1959
• P. Levi, The Periodic Table, 1st American Edition. Schocken Books, New York, NY, 1984
• R. Luft, Dictionnaire des Corps Simples de la Chimie, Association Cultures et Techniques, Nantes, 1997
• J. Marshall, Discovery of the Elements, Pearson Custom Publishing, 1998
• E. Mazurs, Graphic Representation of the Periodic System During One Hundred Years, Alabama University Press, Tuscaloosa, AL, 1974
• D. Mendeleeff, An Attempt Towards A Chemical Conception of the Ether, translated by G. Kamensky. Longmans, Green, and Co., London, 1904
• D. Mendeleeff, The Principles of Chemistry, translated by G. Kamensky, 5th Edition, vol. 2. Longmans, Green, and Co., London, 1891
• L. Meyer, Modern Theories of Chemistry, 5th Edition, translated by P.P. Bedson, Longmans, Green, and Co., London, 1888
• L. Meyer, Outlines of Theoretical Chemistry, 2nd Edition, translated by P.P. Bedson and W.C. William. Longmans, Green, and Co., London, 1899
• F. Mohr, (E), Gold Chemistry, Wiley-VCH, 2009
• D. Morris, The Last Sorcerers, The Path from Alchemy to the Periodic Table, Joseph Henry Press, New York, 2003
• I. Nechaev, G.W. Jenkins, The Chemical Elements, Tarquin Publications, Norfolk, UK, 1997
• R.D. Osorio Giraldo, M.V. Alzate Cano, La Tabla Periodica, Bogota, Colombia, 2010
• M.J. Pentz, (General Editor), The Periodic Table and Chemical Bonding, Open University Press, Bletchley, Buckinghamshire, UK, 1971
• I.V. Peryanov, D.N. Trifonov, Elementary Order: Mendeleev's Periodic System, translated from the Russian by Nicholas Weinstein, Mir Publishers, Moscow, 1984
• J.S.F. Pode, The Periodic Table, John Wiley, New York, NY, 1971
• R.J. Puddephatt, The Periodic Table of the Elements, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1972
• R.J. Puddephatt and P.K. Monaghan, The Periodic Table of the Elements, 2nd edition. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1986
• H.-J. Quadbeck-Seeger, World of the Elements, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2007
• E. Rabinowitsch, E. Thilo, Periodisches System, Geschichte und Theorie, Stuttgart, 1930
• R. Rich, Periodic Correlations, Benjamin, New York, 1965
• J. Ridgen, Hydrogen, The Essential Element, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 2002
• H. Rossotti, Diverse Atoms, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1998
• D.H. Rouvray, R.B. King, The Periodic Table Into the 21st Century, Research Studies Press, Baldock, UK, 2004
• D.H. Rouvray, R.B. King, The Mathematics of the Periodic Table, Nova Scientific Publishers, New York, 2006
• G. Rudorf, The Periodic Classification and the Problem of Chemical Evolution, Whittaker & Co., London, New York, 1900
• G. Rudorf, Das periodische System, seine Geschichte und Bedeutung für die chemische Sysytematik, Hamburg-Leipzig, 1904
• O. Sacks, Uncle Tungsten, Vintage Books, New York, 2001
• R.T. Sanderson, Periodic Table of the Chemical Elements, School Technical Publishers, Ann Arbor, MI, 1971
• S. E. Santos, La Historia del Sistema Periodico, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Madrid, 2009
• E.R. Scerri, The Periodic Table, Its Story and Its Significance, Oxford University Press, New York, 2007
• E.R. Scerri, Selected Papers on the Periodic Table, Imperial College Press, London and Singapore, 2009
• E.R. Scerri, A Very Short Introduction to the Periodic Table, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2011; Also translated into Spanish and Arabic.
• E.R. Scerri, Le Tableau Périodique, Son Histoire et sa Signification, EDP Sciences, 2011, (translated by R. Luft); Japanese Translation by Hisao Mabuchi et. al.
• C. Schmidt, Das periodische System der chemischen Elementen, Leipzig, 1917.
• G.T. Seaborg, W.D. Loveland, The Elements Beyond Uranium, Wiley, New York, 1990
• M.S. Sethi, M. Satake, Periodic Tables and Periodic Properties, Discovery Publishing House, Delhi, India, 1992
• H.H. Sisler, Electronic Structure, Properties, and the Periodic Law, Reinhold, New York, 1963
• P. Strathern, Mendeleyev's Dream, Hamish-Hamilton, London, 1999
• R.S. Timmreck, The Power of the Periodic Table, Royal Palm Publishing, 1991
• M. Tweed, Essential Elements, Walker and Company, New York, 2003
• F.P. Venable, The Development of the Periodic Law, Chemical Publishing Co., Easton, PA, 1896
• M.E. Weeks, Discovery of the Elements, Journal of Chemical Education, Easton PA, 1960
• B.D. Wilker, The Mystery of the Periodic Table, Bethlehem Books, New York, 2003
• J. Van Spronsen, The Periodic System of the Chemical Elements, A History of the First Hundred Years, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1969
• T. Zoellner, Uranium, Penguin Books, London, 2009
• A. Zwertska, The Elements, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1998

Works by D. I. Mendeleev

• Nauchnyi arkhiv. Periodicheskii zakon, t. I, ed. B. M. Kedrov. Moscow: Izd. AN SSSR, 1953
• Periodicheskii zakon. Dopolnitel'nye materialy. Klassiki nauki, ed. B. M. Kedrov. Moscow: Izd. AN SSSR, 1960
• Periodicheskii zakon. Klassiki nauki, ed. B. M. Kedrov. Moscow: Izd. AN SSSR, 1958

 

Thanks to Eric Scerri for the tip!
See the website EricScerri.com and Eric's Twitter Feed.

Bernard Periodic Spiral

The Bernard Periodic Spiral of the Elements (BPSE), depicts a novel rendition of the Periodic Table that replaces the flat rectangular format with a continuous unidirectional spiral that maintains all the properties of Group and Period formation.

Comparisons may be made with similar models spanning the last three decades of the 20th century (Alexander, 1971; Mazurs, 1974; & Kaufman, 1999).

In the chart form, this new rendition is referred to as the Elliptical Periodic Chart of the Elements. In the three-dimensional form, the model resembles a Christmas tree in shape with the 7 Periods represented as circular platforms situated at various levels with the elements placed appropriately at the outer edges of each of these platforms as a Period builds up. The elements may be represented as spherical objects or flat discs with radii proportionate to atomic radii (or reasonable approximations). Color schemes accentuate the four different Blocks of elements: the s-Block (green), the p-Block (blue, with the exception that the last Group is red signifying the end of a Period), d-Block (orange), and the f-Block (yellow). The grey section, called the Group-Period Interchange, is where the end of a particular Period connects to the beginning of the next Period, and, at the same time, transitions from Group 18 to Group 1.

Watch the video here:

Thanks to Eric Scerri for the tip!
See the website EricScerri.com and Eric's Twitter Feed.

Janet Rajeuni

By Philip Stewart:

Janet Rejuvenated, with acknowledgement to Mazurs and to Valery Tsimmerman for the idea of using one square per orbital and of shifting the blocks so that each row represents one value of n, the principal quantum number.

The main objection people make to Janet is that He is placed at the head of the alkaline earth metals although it behaves as a noble gas. The essential answer is that electronic structure explains behaviour and not vice versa; like Ne (and unlike Ar, Kr, Xe and Rn), He has a complete shell. Similarly H, like C, is half way between a full and an empty shell, unlike the alkali metals and the halogens. I suggest a new argument: nobody finds it strange that the p block has a row of non-metals at its head (and that half its members are non-metals), so why not the s block?

Alternative Periodic Table

From Useful Charts:

You'll notice that this periodic table looks quite a bit different from the one you're used to. The traditional periodic table is designed to emphasize the concept of valence, which is important for knowing which elements can easily combine with others to form compounds. In contrast, the periodic table below is designed to simply emphasize the way in which atoms are "built" (specifically, how electrons group together into shells and subshells).

It's based on a design proposed by Edward Mazurs in the 1960s. Like the traditional table, this alternative version can be used to find an elements name, number, atomic weight, state of matter, period, group, and block. However, it also contains detailed information on electron configurations and the different types of electron subshells.

Stewart's Chemosphere

P J Stewart, a good friend of the periodic table database, has mapped a PT onto a sphere.

PJS writes: "It is Janet Rajeuni 2014  wrapped round a sphere, going back to Mazurs 1965, and Tsimmerman 2006.  Arabic numerals indicate shells (values of principal quantum number); Roman numerals indicate periods."

Telluric Remix

Philip Stewart writes:

The Telluric Helix (La Vis Tellurique) was the first graphic representation of the periodic system of the elements, conceived as a spiral wound round a cylinder. It was designed in 1862 by Alexandre-Émile Béguyer de Chancourtois, a French mineralogist. 'Telluric' is from Latin tellus, earth, recalling the 'earths', oxides, in which many elements had been discovered.

My 'Telluric Remix' is a return to the cylinder. It combines ideas from Charles Janet (8, not 7, periods, ending with ns2, defined by a constant sum of the first two quantum numbers, n and l), Edward Mazurs (all members of each electron shell in the same row) and Valery Tsimmerman, (a half square per element).

• The Telluric Remix is topologically the same as my 'Janet Rajeuni' and 'Chemosphere': it maintains the continuous sequence of atomic numbers with the help of arrows, which cascade down, displaying graphically the Janet [Madelung] rule for the order of subshell filling.
• I have placed the s block in the centre to emphasise its pivotal nature and so that there is no question of whether it belongs on the left or on the right. Every shell (Arabic numeral) and every period (Roman numeral) ends with ns², but the ns electrons combine with f, d or p electrons of elements in the succeeding period to make their valence shells, until ns²+np⁶, which forms a noble gas. Helium, He, is also noble with a complete n=1 shell and no 1p⁶.
• Noble gases are marked G. Groups are numbered sequentially within each block, and in general the xth member of the series has x electrons in the subshell. Exceptions are shown by a small d (or two) in the corner, signifying that a d electron replaces an s electron in the d block or an f electron in the f block (note also p in Lr). This makes it easy to determine the electronic structure of each element.
• Click here for a larger version.

The printable version is available (click here for the full size version) to make your own:

I have not claimed copyright; please copy and share but acknowledge my authorship. stewart.phi@gmail.com

Telluric Remix in Colour

Philip Stewart writes (this is the same text that accompanies the 2018 B/W version):

The Telluric Helix (La Vis Tellurique) was the first graphic representation of the periodic system of the elements, conceived as a spiral wound round a cylinder. It was designed in 1862 by Alexandre-Émile Béguyer de Chancourtois, a French mineralogist. 'Telluric' is from Latin tellus, earth, recalling the 'earths', oxides, in which many elements had been discovered.

My 'Telluric Remix' is a return to the cylinder. It combines ideas from Charles Janet (8, not 7, periods, ending with ns2, defined by a constant sum of the first two quantum numbers, n and l), Edward Mazurs (all members of each electron shell in the same row) and Valery Tsimmerman, (a half square per element).

• The Telluric Remix is topologically the same as my 'Janet Rajeuni' and 'Chemosphere': it maintains the continuous sequence of atomic numbers with the help of arrows, which cascade down, displaying graphically the Janet [Madelung] rule for the order of subshell filling.
• I have placed the s block in the centre to emphasise its pivotal nature and so that there is no question of whether it belongs on the left or on the right. Every shell (Arabic numeral) and every period (Roman numeral) ends with ns², but the ns electrons combine with f, d or p electrons of elements in the succeeding period to make their valence shells, until ns²+np⁶, which forms a noble gas. Helium, He, is also noble with a complete n=1 shell and no 1p⁶.
• Noble gases are marked G. Groups are numbered sequentially within each block, and in general the xth member of the series has x electrons in the subshell. Exceptions are shown by a small d (or two) in the corner, signifying that a d electron replaces an s electron in the d block or an f electron in the f block (note also p in Lr). This makes it easy to determine the electronic structure of each element.
• Click here for a larger version (pdf).

I have not claimed copyright; please copy and share but acknowledge my authorship. stewart.phi@gmail.com

Scerri's Periodic Table of Books About The Periodic Table & The Chemical Elements

From Eric Scerri, a periodic table of books about the periodic table & the chemical elements... many by Eric Scerri himself.

Eric Scerri, UCLA, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry. See the website EricScerri.com and Eric's Twitter Feed.

Click to enlarge:

There is no particular connection between each of the elements and the book associated with it in the table, with the exception of: H, He, N, Ti, V, Nb, Ag, La, Au, Ac, U, Pu & Og.

The following is a list of references for each of the 118 books featured on Periodic Table of Books About The Periodic Table & The Chemical Elements. Books published in languages other than English are shown in color. They include the Catalan, Croatian, French, German, Italian, Norwegian & Spanish languages:

Tassitus' Periodic Table

By Harry Tassitus who wites:

"Here is my narrative; After 50 years of study I have released this periodic table which is a synthesis of the work of Dr Isaac Asimov, Dr Ida Noddack, and Edward g. Mazurs, the latter of which I found on the Internet Database of Periodic Tables web site."

https://jaxpubliclibrary.pressbooks.pub/thezeropoint/

© Mark R. Leach Ph.D. 1999 –

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